Author(s):
Abstract:
A key contemporary trend emerging in big data science is the quantified self (QS)-individuals engaged in the self-tracking of any kind of biological, physical, behavioral, or environmental information as n=1 individuals or in groups. There are opportunities for big data scientists to develop new models to support QS data collection, integration, and analysis, and also to lead in defining open-access database resources and privacy standards for how personal data is used. Next-generation QS applications could include tools for rendering QS data meaningful in behavior change, establishing baselines and variability in objective metrics, applying new kinds of pattern recognition techniques, and aggregating multiple self-tracking data streams from wearable electronics, biosensors, mobile phones, genomic data, and cloud-based services. The long-term vision of QS activity is that of a systemic monitoring approach where an individual’s continuous personal information climate provides real-time performance optimization suggestions. There are some potential limitations related to QS activity-barriers to widespread adoption and a critique regarding scientific soundness-but these may be overcome. One interesting aspect of QS activity is that it is fundamentally a quantitative and qualitative phenomenon since it includes both the collection of objective metrics data and the subjective experience of the impact of these data. Some of this dynamic is being explored as the quantified self is becoming the qualified self in two new ways: by applying QS methods to the tracking of qualitative phenomena such as mood, and by understanding that QS data collection is just the first step in creating qualitative feedback loops for behavior change. In the long-term future, the quantified self may become additionally transformed into the extended exoself as data quantification and self-tracking enable the development of new sense capabilities that are not possible with ordinary senses. The individual body becomes a more knowable, calculable, and administrable object through QS activity, and individuals have an increasingly intimate relationship with data as it mediates the experience of reality.
Document:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27442063/
References:
1 Augemberg K2012Building that Perfect Quantified Self App: Notes to Developers, Part 1www.measuredme.com/2012/10/building-that-perfect-quantified-self-apMarch202013.1. Augemberg K. 2012. Building that Perfect Quantified Self App: Notes to Developers, Part 1. Available online at www.measuredme.com/2012/10/building-that-perfect-quantified-self-ap (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
2 Neuringer ASelf-experimentation: a call for changeBehaviorism198197994.2. Neuringer A. Self-experimentation: a call for change. Behaviorism 1981; 9:79–94. Google Scholar
3 Norris J2012Self-Tracking May Become Key Element of Personalized Medicinewww.ucsf.edu/news/2012/10/12913/self-tracking-may-become-key-element-personalized-medicineMarch202013.3. Norris J. 2012. Self-Tracking May Become Key Element of Personalized Medicine. Available online at www.ucsf.edu/news/2012/10/12913/self-tracking-may-become-key-element-personalized-medicine (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
4 Fox SMobile Health 2012. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project 2012www.pewinternet.org/∼/media//Files/Reports/2012/PIP_MobileHealth2012.pdfMarch202013.4. Fox S. Mobile Health 2012. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project 2012. Available online at www.pewinternet.org/∼/media//Files/Reports/2012/PIP_MobileHealth2012.pdf (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
5 Fox S2011The social life of health information 2011. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project 2011www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Social-Life-of-Health-Info.aspxMarch202013.5. Fox S. 2011. The social life of health information 2011. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project 2011. Available online at www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Social-Life-of-Health-Info.aspx (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
6 Fox S2012Is there hope for SMS health alerts? Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project 2012www.pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/December/Is-there-hope-for-SMS-health-alerts.aspxMarch202013.6. Fox S. 2012. Is there hope for SMS health alerts? Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project 2012. Available online at www.pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/December/Is-there-hope-for-SMS-health-alerts.aspx (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
7 Laird S2012How Smartphones Are Changing Health Care. Mashable 2012http://mashable.com/2012/09/26/smartphones-health-care-infographicMarch202013.7. Laird S. 2012. How Smartphones Are Changing Health Care. Mashable 2012. Available online at http://mashable.com/2012/09/26/smartphones-health-care-infographic (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
8 Weintraub K2013Quantified self: The tech-based route to a better life? BBC 2013www.bbc.com/future/story/20130102-self-track-route-to-a-better-lifeMarch202013.8. Weintraub K. 2013. Quantified self: The tech-based route to a better life? BBC 2013. Available online at www.bbc.com/future/story/20130102-self-track-route-to-a-better-life (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
9 Nosta J2013The Year of Digital Health. Forbes 2013www.forbes.com/sites/johnnosta/2013/01/02/2013-the-year-of-digital-health/March202013.9. Nosta J. 2013: The Year of Digital Health. Forbes 2013. Available online at www.forbes.com/sites/johnnosta/2013/01/02/2013-the-year-of-digital-health/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
10 Christensen L2013Big-Brother Health or Mindful Living? Quantified Self Organizer Steven Dean on the Difference Between Self-tracking and SurveillanceVanity Fair Daily 2013www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2013/01/quantified-self-organizer-steven-dean-interview-surveillanceMarch202013.10. Christensen L. 2013. Big-Brother Health or Mindful Living? Quantified Self Organizer Steven Dean on the Difference Between Self-tracking and Surveillance. Vanity Fair Daily 2013. Available online at www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2013/01/quantified-self-organizer-steven-dean-interview-surveillance (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
11 Clay KCES2013The Year of The Quantified Self? Forbes 2013www.forbes.com/sites/kellyclay/2013/01/06/ces-2013-the-year-of-the-quantified-selfMarch202013.11. Clay K. CES 2013: The Year of The Quantified Self? Forbes 2013,. Available online at www.forbes.com/sites/kellyclay/2013/01/06/ces-2013-the-year-of-the-quantified-self. (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
12 Freudenheim MMore Using Electronics to Track Their HealthNew York Times2013www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/health/electronic-health-tracking-increasingly-common-researchers-say.html?_r=1&March202013.12. Freudenheim M. More Using Electronics to Track Their Health. New York Times 2013. Available online at www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/health/electronic-health-tracking-increasingly-common-researchers-say.html?_r=1& (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
13 Yau NA year of food consumption visualizedFlowingData2011http://flowingdata.com/2011/06/29/a-year-of-food-consumption-visualized/March202013.13. Yau N. A year of food consumption visualized. FlowingData 2011. Available online at http://flowingdata.com/2011/06/29/a-year-of-food-consumption-visualized/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
14 McCormick T2012Video of my Healthier Information talkhttp://tjm.org/2012/04/17/video-of-my-healthier-information-talk/March202013.14. McCormick T. 2012. Video of my Healthier Information talk. Available online at http://tjm.org/2012/04/17/video-of-my-healthier-information-talk/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
15 University of California Davis2012Mind Body Wellness Challenge 2012http://wellnesschallenge.ucdavis.edu/March202013.15. University of California Davis. 2012. Mind Body Wellness Challenge 2012. http://wellnesschallenge.ucdavis.edu/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
16 Tasse DQuantified Self 2012: some cool things. Tales ‘n’ Ideas 2012http://talesnideas.blogspot.com/2012_09_01_archive.htmlMarch202013.16. Tasse D. Quantified Self 2012: some cool things. Tales ‘n’ Ideas 2012. Available online at http://talesnideas.blogspot.com/2012_09_01_archive.html. (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
17 Wolf GThe Data-Driven LifeNew York Times2012www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/magazine/02self-measurement-t.htmlMarch202013.17. Wolf G. The Data-Driven Life. New York Times 2012. Available online at www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/magazine/02self-measurement-t.html (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
18 Chua SNotes from the Quantified Self 2012 Conference (Palo Alto)http://sachachua.com/blog/p/23723/March202013.18. Chua S. Notes from the Quantified Self 2012 Conference (Palo Alto). Available online at http://sachachua.com/blog/p/23723/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
19 Augemberg KIn Search of the Perfect Quantified-Self App. Part 2: The Apps That Track Them All. Measured Me 2012www.measuredme.com/2012/09/in-search-of-the-perfect-quantified-self-app-part-2-the-apps-that-track-them-all.htmlMarch202013.19. Augemberg K. In Search of the Perfect Quantified-Self App. Part 2: The Apps That Track Them All. Measured Me 2012. Available online at www.measuredme.com/2012/09/in-search-of-the-perfect-quantified-self-app-part-2-the-apps-that-track-them-all.html (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
20 Swan MHealth 2050: The Realization of personalized medicine through crowdsourcing, the quantified self, and the participatory biocitizenJ Pers Med2012293118.20. Swan M. Health 2050: The Realization of personalized medicine through crowdsourcing, the quantified self, and the participatory biocitizen. J Pers Med 2012; 2:93–118. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar21 Ruckenstein MQuantifying life: Self-tracking and emerging everyday analytics2012. Submitted.21. Ruckenstein M. Quantifying life: Self-tracking and emerging everyday analytics. 2012. Submitted. Google Scholar
22 Jarrold WJavitz HSKrasnow Ret al.Depression and self- focused language in structured interviews with older adultsPsychological Reports2011109686700.22. Jarrold W, Javitz HS, Krasnow R, et al. Depression and self- focused language in structured interviews with older adults. Psychological Reports 2011; 109:686–700. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
23 Kong ABeresford SAAlfano CMet al.Self-monitoring and eating-related behaviors are associated with 12-month weight loss in postmenopausal overweight-to-obese womenJ Acad Nutr Diet201211214281435.23. Kong A, Beresford SA, Alfano CM, et al. Self-monitoring and eating-related behaviors are associated with 12-month weight loss in postmenopausal overweight-to-obese women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:1428–1435. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
24 Silver EWallenstein SLevy AInward and outward: the role of patient self-monitoring and patient communities in IBDInflammatory Bowel Diseases201218S45S46.24. Silver E, Wallenstein S, Levy A. Inward and outward: the role of patient self-monitoring and patient communities in IBD. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2012; 18:S45–S46. Crossref, Google Scholar
25 Beaudin JSIntille SSMorris METo track or not to track: user reactions to concepts in longitudinal health monitoringJ Med Internet Res20068e29.25. Beaudin JS, Intille SS, Morris ME. To track or not to track: user reactions to concepts in longitudinal health monitoring. J Med Internet Res 2006; 8:e29. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
26 Hood LLee HoodNat Biotechnol201129191.26. Hood L. Lee Hood. Nat Biotechnol 2011; 29:191. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
27 Swan MNext-generation personal genomic studies: extending social intelligence genomics to cognitive performance genomics in quantified creativity and thinking fast and slowData Driven Wellness: From Self-Tracking to Behavior Change 2013: Papers from the 2013 AAAI Spring Symposia.27. Swan M. Next-generation personal genomic studies: extending social intelligence genomics to cognitive performance genomics in quantified creativity and thinking fast and slow. Data Driven Wellness: From Self-Tracking to Behavior Change 2013: Papers from the 2013 AAAI Spring Symposia. Google Scholar
28 Chen RMias GILi-Pook-Than Jet al.Personal omics profiling reveals dynamic molecular and medical phenotypesCell201214812931307.28. Chen R, Mias GI, Li-Pook-Than J, et al. Personal omics profiling reveals dynamic molecular and medical phenotypes. Cell 2012; 148:1293–1307. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
29 Kelleher NLA cell-based approach to the human proteome projectJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom20122316171624.29. Kelleher NL. A cell-based approach to the human proteome project. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2012; 23:1617–1624. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
30 Bonislawski ABiotech Start-Up Talking20 to Provide DTC Proteomic and Metabolomic Testing. genomeweb 2012www.genomeweb.com/proteomics/biotech-start-talking20-provide-dtc-proteomic-and-metabolomic-testingMarch202013.30. Bonislawski A. Biotech Start-Up Talking20 to Provide DTC Proteomic and Metabolomic Testing. genomeweb 2012. Available online at www.genomeweb.com/proteomics/biotech-start-talking20-provide-dtc-proteomic-and-metabolomic-testing (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
31 Collins FSGenetics loads the gun and environment pulls the triggerPathway Genomics blog2010http://blog.pathway.com/genetics-loads-the-gun-and-environment-pulls-the-trigger-dr-francis-collins/March202013.31. Collins FS. Genetics loads the gun and environment pulls the trigger. Pathway Genomics blog 2010. Available online at http://blog.pathway.com/genetics-loads-the-gun-and-environment-pulls-the-trigger-dr-francis-collins/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
32 Swan MMultigenic condition risk assessment in direct-to-consumer genomic servicesGenet Med201012279288.32. Swan M. Multigenic condition risk assessment in direct-to-consumer genomic services. Genet Med 2010; 12:279–288. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
33 Swan MHathaway KHogg Cet al.Citizen science genomics as a model for crowdsourced preventive medicine researchJ Participat Med20102e20Participant statements available online atwww.jopm.org/citizen-science-genomics-as-a-model-for-crowd-sourced-preventive-medicine-research-supplementary-material/33. Swan M, Hathaway K, Hogg C, et al. Citizen science genomics as a model for crowdsourced preventive medicine research. J Participat Med 2010; 2:e20. Participant statements available online at www.jopm.org/citizen-science-genomics-as-a-model-for-crowd-sourced-preventive-medicine-research-supplementary-material/ Google Scholar
34 Duncan DEExperimental Man: What One Man’s Body Reveals about His Future, Your Health, and Our Toxic WorldNew YorkWiley & Sons, Inc.2009.34. Duncan DE. Experimental Man: What One Man’s Body Reveals about His Future, Your Health, and Our Toxic World. New York: Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2009. Google Scholar
35 Smarr LQuantifying your body: a how-to guide from a systems biology perspectiveBiotechnol J20127980991.35. Smarr L. Quantifying your body: a how-to guide from a systems biology perspective. Biotechnol J 2012; 7: 980–991. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
36 Fowkes SThyroid Hormone TestingProject Wellbeing2012www.projectwellbeing.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/ThyroidHormoneTesting21.pdfMarch202013.36. Fowkes S. Thyroid Hormone Testing. Project Wellbeing 2012. Available online at www.projectwellbeing.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/ThyroidHormoneTesting21.pdf (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
37 Do CBTung JYDorfman Eet al.Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson’s diseasePLoS Genet20117e1002141.37. Do CB, Tung JY, Dorfman E, et al. Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson’s disease. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002141. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
38 Dufau SDuñabeitia JAMoret-Tatay CSmart phone, smart science: how the use of smartphones can revolutionize research in cognitive sciencePLoS One20116e24974.38. Dufau S, Duñabeitia JA, Moret-Tatay C. Smart phone, smart science: how the use of smartphones can revolutionize research in cognitive science. PLoS One 2011;6: e24974. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
39 Swan M.Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable Computing, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0J Sens Actuator Netw20121217253.39. Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable Computing, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens Actuator Netw 2012; 1:217–253. Crossref, Google Scholar
40 Anonymous. Mashups: turning your data into something useable and useful. Sen.se blog2012http://blog.sen.se/post/19174708614/mashups-turning-your-data-into-something-useable-andMarch202013.40. Anonymous. Mashups: turning your data into something useable and useful. Sen.se blog 2012. Available online at http://blog.sen.se/post/19174708614/mashups-turning-your-data-into-something-useable-and (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
41 Poh MZSwenson NCPicard RWA Wearable Sensor for Unobtrusive, Long-Term Assessment of Electrodermal ActivityIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering20105712431252.41. Poh MZ, Swenson NC, Picard RW. A Wearable Sensor for Unobtrusive, Long-Term Assessment of Electrodermal Activity. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2010; 57:1243–1252. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
42 Halevy ANorvig PPereira FThe unreasonable effectiveness of dataIEEE Intell Syst200924812.42. Halevy A, Norvig P, Pereira F. The unreasonable effectiveness of data. IEEE Intell Syst 2009; 24:8–12. Crossref, Google Scholar
43 Le QVRanzato MAMonga Ret al.Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learningThe 29th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2012)Edinburgh, ScotlandJune 26–July12012http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.620943. Le QV, Ranzato MA, Monga R, et al. Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning. The 29th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2012), Edinburgh, Scotland, June 26–July 1, 2012. Available online at http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209 Google Scholar
44 Michel JBShen YKAiden APet al.Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized booksScience2011331176182.44. Michel JB, Shen YK, Aiden AP, et al. Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books. Science 2011; 331:176–182. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
45 Heianza YArase YFujihara Ket al.High normal HbA(1c) levels were associated with impaired insulin secretion without escalating insulin resistance in Japanese individuals: the Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 8 (TOPICS 8)Diabet Med20122912851290.45. Heianza Y, Arase Y, Fujihara K, et al. High normal HbA(1c) levels were associated with impaired insulin secretion without escalating insulin resistance in Japanese individuals: the Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 8 (TOPICS 8). Diabet Med 2012; 29:1285–1290. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
46 Collins FSThe case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environmentNature2004429475477.46. Collins FS. The case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environment. Nature 2004; 429:475–477. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
47 Hogg CValue of a QS Data Commons (and Data Standards) for Personal Health Data. 100plus 2012http://100plus.com/2012/09/qs-data-commons/March202013.47. Hogg C. Value of a QS Data Commons (and Data Standards) for Personal Health Data. 100plus 2012. Available online at http://100plus.com/2012/09/qs-data-commons/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
48 Swan MNeural Data Privacy Rights: An Invitation For Progress In The Guise Of An Approaching WorryThe Edge Annual Question2013http://edge.org/responses/q2013March202013.48. Swan M. Neural Data Privacy Rights: An Invitation For Progress In The Guise Of An Approaching Worry. The Edge Annual Question 2013. Available online at http://edge.org/responses/q2013 (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
49 Kelly KThe Quantified Century. Quantified Self ConferenceStanford UniversityPalo Alto, CASeptember15–162012http://quantifiedself.com/conference/Palo-Alto-2012March202013.49. Kelly K. The Quantified Century. Quantified Self Conference, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, September 15–16, 2012. Available online at http://quantifiedself.com/conference/Palo-Alto-2012 (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
50 Swan MScaling crowdsourced health studies: the emergence of a new form of contract research organizationPers Med20129223234.50. Swan M. Scaling crowdsourced health studies: the emergence of a new form of contract research organization. Pers Med 2012; 9:223–234. Crossref, Google Scholar
51 Rubinstein J23andMe Database Surpasses 100,000 Users. 23andMe Press Release 2011www.23andme.com/about/press/23andme_database_100000k_users/March202013.51. Rubinstein J. 23andMe Database Surpasses 100,000 Users. 23andMe Press Release 2011. Available online at www.23andme.com/about/press/23andme_database_100000k_users/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
52 Swan MCrowdsourced health research studies: An important emerging complement to clinical trials in the public health research ecosystemJ Med Internet Res201214e46.52. Swan M. Crowdsourced health research studies: An important emerging complement to clinical trials in the public health research ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012; 14:e46. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
53 Darrow BGreenplum and Kaggle launch big data matchmaking service. Gigaom 2012http://gigaom.com/2012/10/23/greenplum-kaggle-play-big-data-matchmakersMarch202013.53. Darrow B. Greenplum and Kaggle launch big data matchmaking service. Gigaom 2012. Available online at http://gigaom.com/2012/10/23/greenplum-kaggle-play-big-data-matchmakers (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
54 Raven K23andMe’s face in the crowdsourced health research industry gets biggerNature Medicine2012http://blogs.nature.com/spoonful/2012/07/23andmes-face-in-the-crowdsourced-health-research-industry-gets-bigger.htmlMarch202013.54. Raven K. 23andMe’s face in the crowdsourced health research industry gets bigger. Nature Medicine 2012. Available online at http://blogs.nature.com/spoonful/2012/07/23andmes-face-in-the-crowdsourced-health-research-industry-gets-bigger.html (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
55 Connor SGlaxo chief: Our drugs do not work on most patientsThe Independent2003www.independent.co.uk/news/science/glaxo-chief-our-drugs-do-not-work-on-most-patients-575942.htmlMarch202013.55. Connor S. Glaxo chief: Our drugs do not work on most patients. The Independent 2003. Available online at www.independent.co.uk/news/science/glaxo-chief-our-drugs-do-not-work-on-most-patients-575942.html (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
56 Ramirez EToolmaker Talk: Jonathan Cohen (Expereal)Quantified Self2012http://quantifiedself.com/2012/10/toolmaker-talk-jonathan-cohen-expereal/March202013.56. Ramirez E. Toolmaker Talk: Jonathan Cohen (Expereal). Quantified Self 2012. Available online at http://quantifiedself.com/2012/10/toolmaker-talk-jonathan-cohen-expereal/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
57 Kahneman DThinking, Fast and SlowNew YorkFarrar, Straus, and Giroux2011.57. Kahneman D. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 2011. Google Scholar
58 Harvard Medical SchoolPutting the placebo effect to work. Harvard Health Publications 2012www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Health_Letter/2012/April/putting-the-placebo-effect-to-workMarch202013.58. Harvard Medical School. Putting the placebo effect to work. Harvard Health Publications 2012. Available online at www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Health_Letter/2012/April/putting-the-placebo-effect-to-work (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
59 Petersen JEShunturov VJanda Ket al.Dormitory residents reduce electricity consumption when exposed to real-time visual feedback and incentivesInt J Sustain High Educ200781633www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1585597&show=abstractMarch202013.59. Petersen JE, Shunturov V, Janda K, et al. Dormitory residents reduce electricity consumption when exposed to real-time visual feedback and incentives. Int J Sustain High Educ 2007; 8:16–33. Available online at www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1585597&show=abstract (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
60 Gale RUsing Behavioral-Based Design to Encourage Healthy Behavior. Society for Human Resource Management 2011www.shrm.org/hrdisciplines/benefits/articles/pages/behavioral-baseddesign.aspxMarch202013.60. Gale R. Using Behavioral-Based Design to Encourage Healthy Behavior. Society for Human Resource Management 2011. Available online at www.shrm.org/hrdisciplines/benefits/articles/pages/behavioral-baseddesign.aspx (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
61 Swan MEmerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-trackingInt J Environ Res Public Health20092492525.61. Swan M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009; 2:492–525. Crossref, Google Scholar
62 Petersen MKStahlhut CStopczynski Aet al.Smartphones Get Emotional: Mind Reading Images and Reconstructing the Neural SourcesProceedings of Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction ConferenceMemphis, TNOctober9–122011www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/edoc_download.php/6124/pdf/imm6124.pdfMarch202013.62. Petersen MK, Stahlhut C, Stopczynski A, et al. Smartphones Get Emotional: Mind Reading Images and Reconstructing the Neural Sources. In Proceedings of Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Conference, Memphis, TN, October 9–12, 2011. Available online www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/edoc_download.php/6124/pdf/imm6124.pdf (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
63 Taleb NNThe Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly ImprobableNew YorkRandom House2007.63. Taleb NN. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. New York: Random House, 2007. Google Scholar
64 Havens JHow Big Data Can Make Us Happier and HealthierMashable2012http://mashable.com/2012/10/08/the-power-of-quantified-self/March202013.64. Havens J. How Big Data Can Make Us Happier and Healthier. Mashable 2012. Available online at http://mashable.com/2012/10/08/the-power-of-quantified-self/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
65 Belk RWCultural and Historical Differences in Concepts of Self and Their Effects on Attitudes Toward Having and GivingAdvances in Consumer Research198411754763www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=6345March202013.65. Belk RW. Cultural and Historical Differences in Concepts of Self and Their Effects on Attitudes Toward Having and Giving. Advances in Consumer Research 1984; 11:754–763. Available online at www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=6345 (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
66 Anonymous. Mobile phone penetration now at 85% worldwideAME Info2012www.ameinfo.com/291448.htmlMarch202013.66. Anonymous. Mobile phone penetration now at 85% worldwide. AME Info 2012. Available online at www.ameinfo.com/291448.html (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
67 Ramanathan VMWorldwide Smartphone Users Cross 1 Billion Mark: ReportInternational Business Times2012www.ibtimes.com/worldwide-smartphone-users-cross-1-billion-mark-report-847769March202013.67. Ramanathan VM. Worldwide Smartphone Users Cross 1 Billion Mark: Report. International Business Times 2012. Available online at www.ibtimes.com/worldwide-smartphone-users-cross-1-billion-mark-report-847769 (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
68 Reisinger DAndroid, iOS growing 10 times faster than PCs did in the 1980scnet2012http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-57500961-94/android-ios-growing-10-times-faster-than-pcs-did-in-the-1980s/March202013.68. Reisinger D. Android, iOS growing 10 times faster than PCs did in the 1980s. cnet 2012. Available online at http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-57500961-94/android-ios-growing-10-times-faster-than-pcs-did-in-the-1980s/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
69 Degusta MAre Smart Phones Spreading Faster than Any Technology in Human History? MIT Technology Review 2012www.technologyreview.com/news/427787/are-smart-phones-spreading-faster-than-any/March202013.69. Degusta M. Are Smart Phones Spreading Faster than Any Technology in Human History? MIT Technology Review 2012. Available online at www.technologyreview.com/news/427787/are-smart-phones-spreading-faster-than-any/ (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
70 Wolf GThe Social Memex – Mark Carranza’s Memory ExperimentQuantified Self2009http://quantifiedself.com/2009/09/the-social-memexMarch202013.70. Wolf G. The Social Memex – Mark Carranza’s Memory Experiment. Quantified Self 2009. Available online at http://quantifiedself.com/2009/09/the-social-memex (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
71 Bush VAs We May Think. The Atlantic 1945www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881March202013.71. Bush V. As We May Think. The Atlantic 1945. Available online at www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881 (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
72 Viseu ASuchman LWearable augmentations: Imaginaries of the informed body161184Technologized Images, Technologized BodiesEdwards JHarvey PWade PNew YorkBergham Books2010.72. Viseu A, Suchman L. Wearable augmentations: Imaginaries of the informed body, pp. 161–184. In Technologized Images, Technologized Bodies, Edwards J, Harvey P, Wade P (eds.). New York: Bergham Books, 2010. Google Scholar
73 Swan MTowards a fourth person perspectiveBroader Perspective Blog2012http://futurememes.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/towards-fourth-person-perspective.htmlMarch202013.73. Swan M. Towards a fourth person perspective. Broader Perspective Blog 2012. Available online at http://futurememes.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/towards-fourth-person-perspective.html (Last accessed on March 20, 2013). Google Scholar
74 Swan MBiotechnicity 2.0: Computation-enabled Philosophical Advance in the Epistemology of Human Biology and the Ontology of Bioidentity2012. Submitted.74. Swan M. Biotechnicity 2.0: Computation-enabled Philosophical Advance in the Epistemology of Human Biology and the Ontology of Bioidentity. 2012. Submitted. Google Scholar