Exploring Design Principles for Sharing of Personal Informatics Data on Ephemeral Social Media

by | Oct 14, 2020 | Research Publications

Author(s):

  • Daniel A. Epstein
  • Siyun Ji
  • Danny Beltran
  • Griffin D’Haenens
  • Zhaomin Li
  • Tan Zhou

Abstract:

People often do not receive the engagement or responses they desire when they share on broad social media platforms. Sharers are hesitant to share trivial accomplishments, and the emphasis on data often results posts that audiences find repetitive or unengaging. Ephemeral social media’s focus on self-authored content and sharing trivial accomplishments has the potential to ameliorate these challenges. We explore design principles for incorporating personal informatics data like steps, heart rate, or duration in data-driven stickers as a first step towards integrating these data into ephemeral social media. We examine the effect of a sticker’s presentation style, domain, domain-relevance, and background through three surveys with 506 total participants. We uncover the importance of domain-relevant backgrounds and stickers, identify the situational value of stickers styled as analogies, embellished, and badges, and demonstrate that data-driven stickers can make ephemeral content more informative and entertaining, discussing implications for platforms and tools.

Documentation:

https://doi.org/10.1145/3415166

References:

  1. Saleem Alhabash and Mengyan Ma. (2017). A Tale of Four Platforms: Motivations and Uses of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat Among College Students? Social Media and Society, 3(1). http://doi.org/gfs4qf
  2. Marina Amâncio. (2017). ‘Put it in your Story’: Digital Storytelling in Instagram and Snapchat Stories.
  3. Fereshteh Amini, Khalad Hasan, Andrea Bunt, and Pourang Irani. (2017). Data representations for in-situ exploration of health and fitness data. Proceedings of the EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth 2017), 163–172. http://doi.org/dv9g
  4. Amid Ayobi, Tobias Sonne, Paul Marshall, and Anna L. Cox. (2018). Flexible and Mindful Self-Tracking?: Design Implications from Paper Bullet Journals. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2018). http://doi.org/c32p
  5. Elizabeth Bales, Kevin A. Li, and William Griwsold. (2011). CoupleVIBE: Mobile Implicit Communication to Improve Awareness for (Long-Distance) Couples. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2011), 65–74. http://doi.org/c8xvm5
  6. Louise Barkhuus, Barry Brown, Marek Bell, Malcolm Hall, Scott Sherwood, and Matthew Chalmers. (2008). From Awareness to Repartee: Sharing Location within Social Groups. Proceeding of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI 2008), 497. http://doi.org/cbhgqd
  7. Scott Bateman, Regan L Mandryk, Carl Gutwin, Aaron Genest, David Mcdine, and Christopher Brooks. (2010). Useful Junk?? The Effects of Visual Embellishment on Comprehension and Memorability of Charts. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2010), 2573–2582. http://doi.org/crhdc4
  8. Eric P. S. Baumer, Sherri Jean Katz, Jill E. Freeman, Phil Adams, Amy L. Gonzales, JP Pollak, Daniela Retelny, Jeff Niederdeppe, Christine M. Olson, and Geri K. Gay. (2012). Prescriptive Persuasion and Open-Ended Social Awareness: Expanding the Design Space of Mobile Health. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2012), 475–484. http://doi.org/bbkm
  9. Joseph B. Bayer, Nicole B. Ellison, Sarita Y. Schoenebeck, and Emily B. Falk. (2016). Sharing the Small Moments: Ephemeral Social Interaction on Snapchat. Information Communication and Society, 19(7), 956–977. http://doi.org/gghnzv
  10. Frank Bentley, Konrad Tollmar, Peter Stephenson, Laura Levy, Brian Jones, Scott Robertson, Ed Price, Richard Catrambone, and Jeff Wilson. (2013). Health Mashups: Presenting Statistical Patterns between Wellbeing Data and Context in Natural Language to Promote Behavior Change. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 20(5), 1–27. http://doi.org/f23f6c
  11. Michelle A. Borkin, Azalea A. Vo, Zoya Bylinskii, Phillip Isola, Shashank Sunkavalli, Aude Oliva, and Hanspeter Pfister. (2013). What makes a visualization memorable. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 19(12), 2306–2315. http://doi.org/f5h3pd
  12. Monica Caraway, Daniel A. Epstein, and Sean A. Munson. (2017). Friends Don’t Need Receipts: The Curious Case of Social Awareness Streams in the Mobile Payment App Venmo. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(CSCW), 28:1–28:17. http://doi.org/cqdv
  13. Fanny Chevalier, Romain Vuillemot, and Guia Gali. (2013). Using Concrete Scales: A Practical Framework for Effective Visual Depiction of Complex Measures. IEEE Transactions on Visualizations and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 19(12). http://doi.org/f5h3k4
  14. Chia-Fang Chung, Elena Agapie, Jessica Schroeder, Sonali Mishra, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. (2017). When Personal Tracking Becomes Social: Examining the Use of Instagram for Healthy Eating. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2017), 1674–1687. http://doi.org/ccq4
  15. Sunny Consolvo, Katherine Everitt, Ian Smith, and James A. Landay. (2006). Design Requirements for Technologies that Encourage Physical Activity. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2006), 457. http://doi.org/b2wmz3
  16. Felicia Cordeiro, Daniel A. Epstein, Edison Thomaz, Elizabeth Bales, Arvind K. Jagannathan, Gregory D. Abowd, and James Fogarty. (2015). Barriers and Negative Nudges: Exploring Challenges in Food Journaling. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’15, 1159–1162. http://doi.org/bbdt
  17. Franco Curmi, Maria Angela Ferrario, Jen Southern, and Jon Whittle. (2013). HeartLink: Open Broadcast of Live Biometric Data to Social Networks. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2013), 1749–1758. http://doi.org/bjh7
  18. Daniel A. Epstein, Alan Borning, and James Fogarty. (2013). Fine-Grained Sharing of Sensed Physical Activity: A Value Sensitive Approach. Proceedings of the ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2013), 489–498. http://doi.org/bdsq
  19. Daniel A. Epstein, Bradley H. Jacobson, Elizabeth Bales, David W. McDonald, and Sean A. Munson. (2015). From ‘nobody cares’ to ‘way to go!’: A Design Framework for Social Sharing in Personal Informatics. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2015), 1622–1636. http://doi.org/bbks
  20. Daniel A. Epstein, An Ping, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. (2015). A Lived Informatics Model of Personal Informatics. Proceedings of the ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2015), 731–742. http://doi.org/bdsr
  21. Daniel A Epstein, Felicia Cordeiro, James Fogarty, Gary Hsieh, and Sean A Munson. (2016). Crumbs: Lightweight Daily Food Challenges to Promote Engagement and Mindfulness. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2016), 5632–5644. http://doi.org/bjh8
  22. Daniel A Epstein, Mira Dontcheva, James Fogarty, and Sean A Munson. (2020). Yarn: Adding Meaning to Shared Personal Data through Structured Storytelling. Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference (GI 2020).
  23. Danyel Fisher. (2010). Animation for Visualization: Opportunities and Drawbacks. In Beautiful Visualization. 329–352.
  24. Rúben Gouveia, Fábio Pereira, Evangelos Karapanos, Sean A. Munson, and Marc Hassenzahl. (2016). Exploring the Design Space of Glanceable Feedback for Physical Activity Trackers. Proceedings of the ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2016), 144–155. http://doi.org/dv9h
  25. Shion Guha and Jeremy Birnholtz. (2013). Can You See Me Now? Location, Visibility and the Management of Impressions on foursquare. Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI 2013), 183–192. http://doi.org/ccwb
  26. Xinning Gui, Yu Chen, Clara Caldeira, Dan Xiao, and Yunan Chen. (2017). When Fitness Meets Social Networks: Investigating Fitness Tracking and Social Practices on WeRun. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2017), 1647–1659. http://doi.org/ccwc
  27. Hana Habib, Neil Shah, and Rajan Vaish. (2019). Impact of Contextual Factors on Snapchat Public Sharing. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2019), 1–13. http://doi.org/dv9j
  28. Brent Hecht, Lichan Hong, Bongwon Suh, and Ed H. Chi. (2011). Tweets from Justin Bieber’s Heart: The Dynamics of the ‘Location’ Field in User Profiles. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2011), 237. http://doi.org/bk7dcf
  29. Jessica Hullman, Eytan Adar, and Priti Shah. (2011). Benefitting InfoVis with Visual Difficulties. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 17(December), 1–7. http://doi.org/df5c8r
  30. Jessica Hullman, Yea-Seul Kim, Francis Nguyen, Lauren Speers, and Maneesh Agrawala. (2018). Improving Comprehension of Measurements Using Concrete Re-expression Strategies. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2018), 1–12. http://doi.org/dv9k
  31. Kevin O. Hwang, Allison J. Ottenbacher, Angela P. Green, M. Roseann Cannon-Diehl, Oneka Richardson, Elmer V. Bernstam, and Eric J. Thomas. (2010). Social Support in an Internet Weight Loss Community. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 79(1), 5–13. http://doi.org/dtbr7m
  32. Nam Wook Kim, Hyejin Im, Nathalie Henry Riche, Alicia Wang, Krzysztof Gajos, and Hanspeter Pfister. (2019). DataSelfie: Empowering People to Design Personalized Visuals to Represent Their Data. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2019), 1–12. http://doi.org/gf2b82
  33. Yea-Seul Kim, Jessica Hullman, and Maneesh Agrawala. (2016). Generating Personalized Spatial Analogies for Distances and Areas. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2016), 38–48. http://doi.org/dv9m
  34. Jieun Lee and Ilyoo B. Hong. (2016). Predicting Positive User Responses to Social Media Advertising: The Roles of Emotional Appeal, Informativeness, and Creativity. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 360–373. http://doi.org/drdm
  35. Ian Li, Anind Dey, and Jodi Forlizzi. (2010). A Stage-Based Model of Personal Informatics Systems. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2010), 557. http://doi.org/bh8zsb
  36. Janne Lindqvist, Justin Cranshaw, Jason Wiese, Jason Hong, and John Zimmerman. (2011). I’m the Mayor of My House: Examining Why People Use foursquare – a Social-Driven Location Sharing Application. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2011), 2409. http://doi.org/c956b2
  37. Fannie Liu, Laura Dabbish, and Geoff Kaufman. (2017). Supporting Social Interactions with an Expressive Heart Rate Sharing Application. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 1(3), 1–26. http://doi.org/cc62
  38. Fannie Liu, Mario Esparza, Maria Pavlovskaia, Geoff Kaufman, Laura Dabbish, and Andrés Monroy-Hernández. (2019). Animo: Sharing Biosignals on a Smartwatch for Lightweight Social Connection. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 3(1), 1–19. http://doi.org/dv9n
  39. Kai Lukoff, Taoxi Li, Yuan Zhuang, and Brian Y. Lim. (2018). TableChat: Mobile Food Journaling to Facilitate Family Support for Healthy Eating. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2(CSCW), 1–28. http://doi.org/dv9p
  40. Diane Maloney-Krichmar and Jenny Preece. (2005). A Multilevel Analysis of Sociability, Usability, and Community Dynamics in an Online Health Community. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 12(2), 201–232. http://doi.org/fm3r9t
  41. Sarah McRoberts, Haiwei Ma, Andrew Hall, and Svetlana Yarosh. (2017). Share First, Save Later: Performance of Self through Snapchat Stories. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2017). http://doi.org/ccwf
  42. Measure of Things. http://www.bluebulbprojects.com/MeasureOfThings/default.php
  43. Andrew Vande Moere, Helen Purchase, and K. U. Leuven. (2011). On the role of design in information visualization. Information Visualization, 10(4), 356–371. http://doi.org/djn5hr
  44. Meredith Ringel Morris, Jaime Teevan, and Katrina Panovich. (2010). What do people ask their social networks, and why? Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2010), 1739. http://doi.org/c69
  45. Sean A. Munson and Sunny Consolvo. (2012). Exploring Goal-setting, Rewards, Self-monitoring, and Sharing to Motivate Physical Activity. Proceedings of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth 2012), 25–32. http://doi.org/bbn8
  46. Sean A. Munson, Erin Krupka, Caroline Richardson, and Paul Resnick. (2015). Effects of Public Commitments and Accountability in a Technology-Supported Physical Activity Intervention. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2015), 1135–1144. http://doi.org/bbkw
  47. Mark W. Newman, Debra Lauterbach, Sean A. Munson, Paul Resnick, and Margaret E. Morris. (2011). ‘It’s Not That I Don’t Have Problems, i’m Just Not Putting Them on Facebook?: Challenges and Opportunities in Using Online Social Networks for Health. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2011), 341. http://doi.org/bcvgg7
  48. John Allen Paulos. (2001). Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and its Consequences. Holt McDougal.
  49. Andrew Perrin and Monica Anderson. (2019). Share of U.S. Adults using Social Media, Including Facebook, is Mostly Unchanged Since 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/10/share-of-u-s-adults-using-social-media-including-facebook-is-mostly-unchanged-since-2018/
  50. Lukasz Piwek and Adam Joinson. (2016). ‘What do They Snapchat About’? Patterns of use in Time-Limited Instant Messaging Service. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 358–367. http://doi.org/gfzzmz
  51. Zachary Pousman, John T. Stasko, and Michael Mateas. (2007). Casual Information Visualization: Depictions of Data in Everyday Life. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 13(6), 1145–1152. http://doi.org/ffd536
  52. Edward Segel and Jeffrey Heer. (2010). Narrative visualization: Telling Stories with Data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 16(6), 1139–1148. http://doi.org/dnqx5m
  53. Suvi Silfverberg, Lassi A Liikkanen, Airi Lampinen, and South Hall. (2011). ‘I’ll press Play, but I won’t listen?: Profile Work in a Music-focused Social Network Service. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW 2011), 207–216. http://doi.org/c6xqvd
  54. Meredith M. Skeels, Kenton T. Unruh, Christopher Powell, and Wanda Pratt. (2010). Catalyzing Social Support for Breast Cancer Patients. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2010), 173–182. http://doi.org/cnxsm9
  55. (2018). State of Social Video. https://www.vidmob.com/resource/us-state-of-social-video-2018/
  56. Rannie Teodoro and Mor Naaman. (2013). Fitter with Twitter: Understanding Personal Health and Fitness Activity in Social Media. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM 2013), 611–620.
  57. Tammy Toscos, Anne Faber, Kay Connelly, and Adity Mutsuddi Upoma. (2008). Encouraging Physical Activity in Teens: Can Technology Help Reduce Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls? Proceedings of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth 2008), 218–221. http://doi.org/cvmffx
  58. Edward R. Tufte. (1983). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press.
  59. Suvi Uski and Airi Lampinen. (2016). Social Norms and Self-Presentation on Social Network Sites: Profile Work in Action. New Media and Society, 18(3), 447–464. http://doi.org/dv9q
  60. J. Mitchell Vaterlaus, Kathryn Barnett, Cesia Roche, and Jimmy A. Young. (2016). ‘Snapchat is More Personal’: An Exploratory Study on Snapchat Behaviors and Young Adult Interpersonal Relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 594–601. http://doi.org/gghnz2
  61. Lea Verou. CSS3 Patterns Gallery. https://leaverou.github.io/css3patterns/
  62. We Are Social, Hootsuite, and DataReportal. Distribution of Snapchat users worldwide as of July 2019, by age and gender. https://www.statista.com/statistics/933948/snapchat-global-user-age-distribution/
  63. Jason Wiese, Sauvik Das, Jason I. Hong, and John Zimmerman. (2017). Evolving the Ecosystem of Personal Behavioral Data. Human-Computer Interaction, 32(5–6), 447–510. http://doi.org/ccwh
  64. Wolfram|Alpha. https://www.wolframalpha.com/
  65. Pawel W. Wozniak, Anton Fedosov, Eleonora Mencarini, and Kristina Knaving. (2017). Soil, Rock and Snow: On Designing for Information Sharing in Outdoor Sports. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS 2017), 611–623. http://doi.org/dv9r
  66. Bin Xu, Pamara Chang, Christopher L. Welker, Natalya N. Bazarova, and Dan Cosley. (2016). Automatic Archiving versus Default Deletion: What Snapchat Tells Us About Ephemerality in Design. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW 2016), 1660–1673. http://doi.org/ggdt2p
  67. Heng Xu, Xin Luo, John M. Carroll, and Mary Beth Rosson. (2011). The Personalization Privacy Paradox: An Exploratory Study of Decision Making Process for Location-Aware Marketing. Decision Support Systems, 51(1), 42–52. http://doi.org/d3w5ch
  68. Heng Xu, Lih Bin Oh, and Hock Hai Teo. (2009). Perceived effectiveness of text vs. multimedia Location-Based Advertising messaging. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 7(2), 154. http://doi.org/dk8v2m
  69. Xuan Zhao, Niloufar Salehi, Sasha Naranjit, Sara Alwaalan, Stephen Voida, and Dan Cosley. (2013). The Many Faces of Facebook: Experiencing Social Media as Performance, Exhibition, and Personal Archive. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2013), 1–10. http://doi.org/bjjp