Author(s):
- Baumgart, Ruth
Abstract:
While self-tracking applications are often advertised with a healthier life and more movement scant studies investigate the effect of self-tracking and those few studies reported contradictory reactions of self-tracking users. Hence, we conducted 12 interviews with self-tracking users to find out which psychological mechanism explains the different responses. As a foundation the cognitive dissonance theory from Festinger (1970) was used. The theory states that people who are aware of two different cognitions feel psychological stress and try to reduce this stress by changing their behavior, finding new information or ignoring the inconsistent information. While the theory was often criticized because of an experimental testing which also allowed other interpretations, our qualitative analysis gives further support to this theory. Furthermore, we found out that self-tracking increases the awareness of two different cognitions and reduces the tendency of denying.
Document:
https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2016/Health/Presentations/34/
References:
- AOK. 2016. AOK Leistungen.(https://nordost.aok.de/inhalt/aok-gesundheitskonto/#248725; accessed February 20, 2016).Apple. 2016. (available online at http://www.apple.com/de/watch/; accessed February 20, 2016).
- Aronson, E. 1992. “The Return of the Repressed: Dissonace Theory Makes a Comeback,” Psychological Inquiry(3:4), pp. 303-311.
- Bravata, D. M., Smith-Spangler, C., Sundaram, V., Gienger, A. L., Lin, N., Lewis, R. Stave, C. D., Olkin, I. Sirard, J. R. 2007. “Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health,” JAMA(298:19), pp. 2296-2304.
- Choe, E. K., Lee, N.B., Lee, B., Pratt, W., and Kientz, J. A. 2014. “Understanding Quantified-Selfers’ Practices in Collecting and Exploring Personal Data,” in Proceedings of the 32ndannual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems.ACM, pp. 1143-1152.
- Cooper, J. 2007. Cognitive dissonance: Fifty Years of a Classic Theory,Los Angeles: Sage.Elliot, A. J., and Devine, P. G. 1994. “On the Motivational Nature of Cognitive Dissonance: Dissonance as Psychological Discomfort,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (67:3), pp. 382-394.
- Festinger, L., and Carlsmith, J. M. 1959. “Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance,”Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (58:2), pp. 203-2010.
- Festinger, L. 1970. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance,Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Gimpel, H., Nißen, M., and Görlitz, R. A. 2013. „Quantifying the Quantified Self: A Study on the Motivation of Patients to Track their own Health,” in Thirty Fourth International Conference on Information Systems.
- Hess, T., Legner, C., Esswein, W. 2014. “Digital Life as a Topic of Business and Information Systems Engineering?,” Business & Information Systems Engineering(6:4), pp. 247-253.
- Menasco, M. B., and Hawkins, D. I. 1978. “A Field Test of the Relationship Between Cognitive Dissonance and State Anxiety,” Journal of Marketing Research(15:4),pp. 650-655.
- Microsoft. 2016. Microsoft Band. (available online at: https://www.microsoft.com/microsoft-band/en-us; accessedFebruary 20, 2016).
- Myers, M. 2013. Qualitative Research in Business and Management, London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
- Nikayin, F., Heikkilä, M., de Reuver, M., and Solaimani, S. 2014. “Workplace Primary Prevention Programmes Enabled byInformationand Communication Technology,” Technological Forecasting & Social Change (89:), pp. 326-332.
- Oshikawa, S. 1969. “Can Cognitive Dissonance Theory Explain Consumer Behavior?,” Journal of Marketing (33:4), pp. 44-49.
- Sanchez-Vales, D., Trivino, G.“Linguistic and Emotional Feedback for Self-Tracking Physical Activity,” Expert Systems With Applications (42:24), pp. 9574-9586.
- Sarker, S., Xiao, X., and Beaulieu, T. 2013. “Qualitative Studies in Information Systems: A Critical Review and Some Guiding Principles,” MIS Quarterly (37:4), pp. iii-xviii.Seaman, C. 1999. “Qualitative Methods in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering,” IEEE Transaction on Softare Engineering (25:2),pp. 557-572.
- Shin, G., Cheon, E., and Jarrahi, M. H. 2015. “Understanding Quantified-Selfers Interplay Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in the Use of Activity-Tracking Devices,” in iConference 2015, pp. 3.
- Sjöklint, M., Constantiou, I. D., and Trier, M. 2015. “The Complexities of Self-tracking –an Inquiry into User Reactions and Goal Attainment,” in Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems, Münster.
- Swan, M. 2013. “The Quantified Self: Fundamental Disruption in Big Data Science and Biological Discovery,” Big Data(1:2), pp. 85-99.Trickler, C. 2013. “An Overview of Self-Monitoring Systems,” in Proceedings of the Southern Association for Information Systems Conference,Savannah, GA, pp. 197-202.
- Wendel, S. 2013. Designing for behavior change, Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media.
- WHO. 2015. Health topics: Physicalactivity (available online at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/;accessed February20,2016).
- Yoo, Y. 2010. “Computing in Everyday Life: A Call for Research on Experiential Computing,” MIS Quarterly(34:2), pp. 213-231