Author(s):

  • Izabelle F Janzen
  • Joanna McGrenere

Abstract:

Distracting mobile notifications are a high-profile problem but previous research suggests notification management tools are underused because of the barriers users face in relation to the perceived benefits. We posit that users might be more motivated to personalize if they could view contextual data for how personalizations would have impacted their recent notifications. We propose the ‘Reflective Spring Cleaning’ approach to support notification management through infrequent personalization with visualization of collected notification data. To simplify and contextualize key trends in a user’s notifications, we framed these visualizations within a novel who-what-when data abstraction. We evaluated it through a four-week longitudinal study: 21 participants logged their notifications before and after a personalization session that included suggestions for notification management contextualized against visualizations of their recent notifications. A debriefing interview described their new experience after two more weeks of logging. Our approach encouraged users to critically reflect on their notifications, which frequently inspired them to personalize and improved the experience of the majority.

Documentation: https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517493

References:

  1. Naseem Ahmadpour and Karen Anne Cochrane. 2017. From information to reflection-design strategies for personal informatics. In 2017 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC). IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2017.8268154Google ScholarCross Ref
  2. Hamdan A Alamri, Sunnie Watson, and William Watson. 2021. Learning Technology Models that Support Personalization within Blended Learning Environments in Higher Education. TechTrends 65, 1 (2021), 62–78.Google ScholarCross Ref
  3. Alyssa E Andrews, Raj M Ratwani, and J Gregory Trafton. 2009. The effect of alert type to an interruption on primary task resumption. In Proceedings of the HFES Annual Meeting 2009. HFES, Washington, DC0, USA, 1–5.Google Scholar
  4. Julie Aranda, Noor Ali-Hasan, and Safia Baig. 2016. I’m Just Trying to Survive: An Ethnographic Look at Mobile Notifications and Attention Management. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct(Florence, Italy) (MobileHCI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 564–574. https://doi.org/10.1145/2957265.2957274Google ScholarDigital Library
  5. Sara Assami, Najima Daoudi, and Rachida Ajhoun. 2018. Personalization criteria for enhancing learner engagement in MOOC platforms. In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 1265–1272. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363375Google ScholarCross Ref
  6. Jonas Auda, Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, and Stefan Schneegass. 2018. Understanding User Preferences towards Rule-Based Notification Deferral. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI EA ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article LBW584, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188688Google ScholarDigital Library
  7. Amid Ayobi, Paul Marshall, and Anna L. Cox. 2016. Reflections on 5 Years of Personal Informatics: Rising Concerns and Emerging Directions. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI EA ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2774–2781. https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892406Google ScholarDigital Library
  8. Nikola Banovic, Fanny Chevalier, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2012. Triggering Triggers and Burying Barriers to Customizing Software. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Austin, Texas, USA) (CHI ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2717–2726. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208666Google ScholarDigital Library
  9. Eric P.S. Baumer. 2015. Reflective Informatics: Conceptual Dimensions for Designing Technologies of Reflection. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702234Google ScholarDigital Library
  10. Eric P.S. Baumer, Vera Khovanskaya, Mark Matthews, Lindsay Reynolds, Victoria Schwanda Sosik, and Geri Gay. 2014. Reviewing Reflection: On the Use of Reflection in Interactive System Design. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (DIS ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598598Google ScholarDigital Library
  11. Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77–101.Google Scholar
  12. Andrea Bunt, Cristina Conati, and Joanna McGrenere. 2007. Supporting Interface Customization Using a Mixed-Initiative Approach. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Honolulu, Hawaii, USA) (IUI ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1145/1216295.1216317Google ScholarDigital Library
  13. Andrea Bunt, Cristina Conati, and Joanna McGrenere. 2010. Mixed-initiative interface personalization as a case study in usable AI. AI Magazine 30, 4 (2010), 58.Google ScholarCross Ref
  14. Andrea Bunt, Joanna McGrenere, and Cristina Conati. 2007. Understanding the Utility of Rationale in a Mixed-Initiative System for GUI Customization. In User Modeling 2007, Cristina Conati, Kathleen McCoy, and Georgios Paliouras (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 147–156.Google Scholar
  15. Luigi De Russis and Alberto Monge Roffarello. 2017. On the Benefit of Adding User Preferences to Notification Delivery. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI EA ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1561–1568. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053160Google ScholarDigital Library
  16. Fiona Draxler, Christina Schneegass, Jonas Safranek, and Heinrich Hussmann. 2021. Why Did You Stop? – Investigating Origins and Effects of Interruptions during Mobile Language Learning. In Mensch Und Computer 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1145/3473856.3473881Google ScholarDigital Library
  17. Laura L Ellingson. 2009. Engaging crystallization in qualitative research: An introduction. Sage, Newbury Park, CA, USA.Google Scholar
  18. Chris Elsden and David S. Kirk. 2014. A Quantified Past: Remembering with Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 2014 Companion Publication on Designing Interactive Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598784.2602778Google ScholarDigital Library
  19. Daniel Epstein, Felicia Cordeiro, Elizabeth Bales, James Fogarty, and Sean Munson. 2014. Taming Data Complexity in Lifelogs: Exploring Visual Cuts of Personal Informatics Data. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (DIS ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 667–676. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598558Google ScholarDigital Library
  20. Daniel A. Epstein, Clara Caldeira, Mayara Costa Figueiredo, Xi Lu, Lucas M. Silva, Lucretia Williams, Jong Ho Lee, Qingyang Li, Simran Ahuja, Qiuer Chen, Payam Dowlatyari, Craig Hilby, Sazeda Sultana, Elizabeth V. Eikey, and Yunan Chen. 2020. Mapping and Taking Stock of the Personal Informatics Literature. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 4, 4, Article 126 (dec 2020), 38 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3432231Google ScholarDigital Library
  21. Daniel A. Epstein, Monica Caraway, Chuck Johnston, An Ping, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. 2016. Beyond Abandonment to Next Steps: Understanding and Designing for Life after Personal Informatics Tool Use. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1109–1113. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858045Google ScholarDigital Library
  22. Daniel A. Epstein, Bradley H. Jacobson, Elizabeth Bales, David W. McDonald, and Sean A. Munson. 2015. From ”Nobody Cares” to ”Way to Go!”: A Design Framework for Social Sharing in Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1622–1636. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675135Google ScholarDigital Library
  23. Daniel A. Epstein, An Ping, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. 2015. A Lived Informatics Model of Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Osaka, Japan) (UbiComp ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804250Google ScholarDigital Library
  24. Joel E. Fischer, Chris Greenhalgh, and Steve Benford. 2011. Investigating Episodes of Mobile Phone Activity as Indicators of Opportune Moments to Deliver Notifications. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Stockholm, Sweden) (MobileHCI ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1145/2037373.2037402Google ScholarDigital Library
  25. Rowanne Fleck and Geraldine Fitzpatrick. 2010. Reflecting on Reflection: Framing a Design Landscape. In Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction (Brisbane, Australia) (OZCHI ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 216–223. https://doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952269Google ScholarDigital Library
  26. fruitranger. 2017. Notification Manager – Cleaner. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cortana.notificationmanager.notificationclean&hl=en. Accessed: 2020-3-11.Google Scholar
  27. Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Mary Czerwinski, Desney S. Tan, and Daniel S. Weld. 2006. Exploring the Design Space for Adaptive Graphical User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (Venezia, Italy) (AVI ’06). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1145/1133265.1133306Google ScholarDigital Library
  28. Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Katherine Everitt, Desney S. Tan, Mary Czerwinski, and Daniel S. Weld. 2008. Predictability and Accuracy in Adaptive User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy) (CHI ’08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1271–1274. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357252Google ScholarDigital Library
  29. Larry Goldberg, Bettijoyce Lide, Svetlana Lowry, Holly A Massett, Trisha O’Connell, Jennifer Preece, Whitney Quesenbery, and Ben Shneiderman. 2011. Usability and accessibility in consumer health informatics: current trends and future challenges. American journal of preventive medicine 40, 5 (2011), S187–S197.Google ScholarCross Ref
  30. Google. 2021. Google Play Store. https://play.google.com/store/apps. Accessed: 2021-09-1.Google Scholar
  31. Tom Gross and Anna-Lena Mueller. 2021. NotificationManager: Personal Boundary Management on Mobile Devices. In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021, Carmelo Ardito, Rosa Lanzilotti, Alessio Malizia, Helen Petrie, Antonio Piccinno, Giuseppe Desolda, and Kori Inkpen (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 243–261.Google ScholarDigital Library
  32. Hayley Guillou, Kevin Chow, Thomas Fritz, and Joanna McGrenere. 2020. Is Your Time Well Spent? Reflecting on Knowledge Work More Holistically. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376586Google ScholarDigital Library
  33. Rebecca Gulotta, Jodi Forlizzi, Rayoung Yang, and Mark Wah Newman. 2016. Fostering Engagement with Personal Informatics Systems. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Brisbane, QLD, Australia) (DIS ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901803Google ScholarDigital Library
  34. Brian Heater and Sarah Perez. 2021. Apple refines iOS 15 notifications with Focus, Summary features. https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/07/apple-refines-ios-15-notifications-with-focus-summary-features/. Accessed: 2021-09-01.Google Scholar
  35. Jerry Hildenbrad. 2017. Android Oreo will make you love notifications again. https://www.androidcentral.com/android-o-and-notifications-everything-you-need-know. Accessed: 2017-11-10.Google Scholar
  36. Helen M. Hodgetts and Dylan M. Jones. 2007. Reminders, Alerts and Pop-ups: The Cost of Computer-Initiated Interruptions. In Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Design and Usability, Julie A. Jacko (Ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 818–826.Google Scholar
  37. Eric Horvitz, Johnson Apacible, and Muru Subramani. 2005. Balancing awareness and interruption: Investigation of notification deferral policies. User Modeling 2005 1, 1 (2005), 149–149.Google Scholar
  38. Roberto Hoyle, Srijita Das, Apu Kapadia, Adam J. Lee, and Kami Vaniea. 2017. Was My Message Read? Privacy and Signaling on Facebook Messenger. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3838–3842. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025925Google ScholarDigital Library
  39. Elle Hunt. 2020. One ping after another: why everyone needs a notification detox. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/push-notifications-versus-phone-calls/398081/. Accessed: 2021-09-01.Google Scholar
  40. Shamsi T. Iqbal and Eric Horvitz. 2010. Notifications and Awareness: A Field Study of Alert Usage and Preferences. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Savannah, Georgia, USA) (CSCW ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718926Google Scholar
  41. Izabelle Janzen, Francesco Vitale, and Joanna McGrenere. 2018. Control and Personalization:Younger versus Older Users’ Experience of Notifications. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2018 (Toronto, Ontario) (GI 2018). Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society / Société canadienne du dialogue humain-machine, Toronto, ON, Canada, 129 – 136. https://doi.org/10.20380/GI2018.17Google Scholar
  42. Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, Nicci Gafinowitz, and Grace Shin. 2018. Activity trackers, prior motivation, and perceived informational and motivational affordances. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 22, 2 (2018), 433–448.Google ScholarDigital Library
  43. Simon L. Jones and Ryan Kelly. 2018. Dealing With Information Overload in Multifaceted Personal Informatics Systems. Human–Computer Interaction 33, 1 (2018), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2017.1302334Google Scholar
  44. Ravi Karkar, Jessica Schroeder, Daniel A. Epstein, Laura R. Pina, Jeffrey Scofield, James Fogarty, Julie A. Kientz, Sean A. Munson, Roger Vilardaga, and Jasmine Zia. 2017. TummyTrials: A Feasibility Study of Using Self-Experimentation to Detect Individualized Food Triggers. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6850–6863. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025480Google ScholarDigital Library
  45. Matthew Kay, Eun Kyoung Choe, Jesse Shepherd, Benjamin Greenstein, Nathaniel Watson, Sunny Consolvo, and Julie A. Kientz. 2012. Lullaby: A Capture & Access System for Understanding the Sleep Environment. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (UbiComp ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1145/2370216.2370253Google ScholarDigital Library
  46. Vera Khovanskaya, Eric P.S. Baumer, Dan Cosley, Stephen Voida, and Geri Gay. 2013. ”Everybody Knows What You’re Doing”: A Critical Design Approach to Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Paris, France) (CHI ’13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3403–3412. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466467Google Scholar
  47. Kostadin Kushlev and Elizabeth W Dunn. 2015. Checking email less frequently reduces stress. Computers in Human Behavior 43 (2015), 220–228.Google ScholarDigital Library
  48. Pat Langley. 1997. Machine learning for adaptive user interfaces. In KI-97: Advances in artificial intelligence. Springer, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 53–62.Google ScholarDigital Library
  49. Jisoo Lee, Erin Walker, Winslow Burleson, Matthew Kay, Matthew Buman, and Eric B. Hekler. 2017. Self-Experimentation for Behavior Change: Design and Formative Evaluation of Two Approaches. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6837–6849. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3026038Google ScholarDigital Library
  50. Kwangyoung Lee and Hwajung Hong. 2018. MindNavigator: Exploring the Stress and Self-Interventions for Mental Wellness. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174146Google ScholarDigital Library
  51. Ian Li, Anind K. Dey, and Jodi Forlizzi. 2011. Understanding My Data, Myself: Supporting Self-Reflection with Ubicomp Technologies. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Beijing, China) (UbiComp ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1145/2030112.2030166Google ScholarDigital Library
  52. Deborah Lupton. 2014. Self-Tracking Cultures: Towards a Sociology of Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: The Future of Design (Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) (OzCHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1145/2686612.2686623Google ScholarDigital Library
  53. Abhinav Mehrotra, Robert Hendley, and Mirco Musolesi. 2016. PrefMiner: Mining User’s Preferences for Intelligent Mobile Notification Management. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Heidelberg, Germany) (UbiComp ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1223–1234. https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971747Google ScholarDigital Library
  54. Abhinav Mehrotra, Veljko Pejovic, Jo Vermeulen, Robert Hendley, and Mirco Musolesi. 2016. My Phone and Me: Understanding People’s Receptivity to Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858566Google Scholar
  55. Robinson Meyer. 2015. Push Notifications Are as Distracting as Phone Calls. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jan/27/one-ping-after-another-how-constant-notifications-are-driving-us-to-distraction. Accessed: 2021-09-01.Google Scholar
  56. Jack Mezirow. 1998. On critical reflection. Adult education quarterly 48, 3 (1998), 185–198.Google Scholar
  57. Sean A Munson. 2017. Rethinking assumptions in the design of health and wellness tracking tools. Interactions 25, 1 (2017), 62–65.Google ScholarDigital Library
  58. Tamara Munzner. 2009. A nested model for visualization design and validation. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 15, 6(2009), 921–928.Google ScholarDigital Library
  59. Elizabeth L. Murnane, Tara G. Walker, Beck Tench, Stephen Voida, and Jaime Snyder. 2018. Personal Informatics in Interpersonal Contexts: Towards the Design of Technology That Supports the Social Ecologies of Long-Term Mental Health Management. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 127 (nov 2018), 27 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274396Google ScholarDigital Library
  60. Midas Nouwens, Carla F. Griggio, and Wendy E. Mackay. 2017. ”WhatsApp is for Family; Messenger is for Friends”: Communication Places in App Ecosystems. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 727–735. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025484Google ScholarDigital Library
  61. Anna Offenwanger, Alan John Milligan, Minsuk Chang, Julia Bullard, and Dongwook Yoon. 2021. Diagnosing Bias in the Gender Representation of HCI Research Participants: How It Happens and Where We Are. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 399, 18 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445383Google ScholarDigital Library
  62. Fredrik Ohlin and Carl Magnus Olsson. 2015. Intelligent Computing in Personal Informatics: Key Design Considerations. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) (IUI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1145/2678025.2701378Google ScholarDigital Library
  63. Fredrik Ohlin, Carl Magnus Olsson, and Paul Davidsson. 2015. Analyzing the Design Space of Personal Informatics: A State-of-practice Based Classification of Existing Tools. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Today’s Technologies, Margherita Antona and Constantine Stephanidis (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 85–97.Google Scholar
  64. Tadashi Okoshi, Jin Nakazawa, and Hideyuki Tokuda. 2016. Interruptibility Research: Opportunities for Future Flourishment. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (Heidelberg, Germany) (UbiComp ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1524–1529. https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968543Google ScholarDigital Library
  65. Veljko Pejovic and Mirco Musolesi. 2014. InterruptMe: Designing Intelligent Prompting Mechanisms for Pervasive Applications. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Seattle, Washington) (UbiComp ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 897–908. https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2632062Google ScholarDigital Library
  66. Martin Pielot, Karen Church, and Rodrigo de Oliveira. 2014. An In-Situ Study of Mobile Phone Notifications. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices & Services (Toronto, ON, Canada) (MobileHCI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1145/2628363.2628364Google ScholarDigital Library
  67. Martin Pielot, Rodrigo de Oliveira, Haewoon Kwak, and Nuria Oliver. 2014. Didn’t You See My Message? Predicting Attentiveness to Mobile Instant Messages. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3319–3328. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2556973Google ScholarDigital Library
  68. Afarin Pirzadeh, Li He, and Erik Stolterman. 2013. Personal Informatics and Reflection: A Critical Examination of the Nature of Reflection. In CHI ’13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1979–1988. https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468715Google Scholar
  69. Romina Poguntke, Christina Schneegass, Lucas Van der Vekens, Rufat Rzayev, Jonas Auda, Stefan Schneegass, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2020. NotiModes: An Investigation of Notification Delay Modes and Their Effects on Smartphone Users. In Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch Und Computer (Magdeburg, Germany) (MuC ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 415–419. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410006Google ScholarDigital Library
  70. James O Prochaska and Wayne F Velicer. 1997. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American journal of health promotion 12, 1 (1997), 38–48.Google Scholar
  71. Aare Puussaar, Adrian K. Clear, and Peter Wright. 2017. Enhancing Personal Informatics Through Social Sensemaking. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6936–6942. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025804Google ScholarDigital Library
  72. Amon Rapp and Federica Cena. 2014. Self-monitoring and Technology: Challenges and Open Issues in Personal Informatics. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and Accessibility Practice, Constantine Stephanidis and Margherita Antona (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 613–622.Google Scholar
  73. Amon Rapp and Federica Cena. 2016. Personal informatics for everyday life: How users without prior self-tracking experience engage with personal data. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 94 (2016), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.006Google ScholarDigital Library
  74. Amon Rapp, Alessandro Marcengo, Luca Buriano, Giancarlo Ruffo, Mirko Lai, and Federica Cena. 2018. Designing a personal informatics system for users without experience in self-tracking: a case study. Behaviour & Information Technology 37, 4 (2018), 335–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1436592Google ScholarCross Ref
  75. Amon Rapp and Maurizio Tirassa. 2017. Know Thyself: A Theory of the Self for Personal Informatics. Human–Computer Interaction 32, 5-6 (2017), 335–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2017.1285704Google Scholar
  76. Raj M. Ratwani, Alyssa E. Andrews, Jenny D. Sousk, and J. Gregory Trafton. 2008. The Effect of Interruption Modality on Primary Task Resumption, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 52, 4, 393–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805200441Google ScholarCross Ref
  77. RescueTime. 2021. RescueTime. https://www.rescuetime.com/. Accessed: 2021-09-1.Google Scholar
  78. Alireza Sahami Shirazi, Niels Henze, Tilman Dingler, Martin Pielot, Dominik Weber, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2014. Large-Scale Assessment of Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3055–3064. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557189Google ScholarDigital Library
  79. Phoebe Sengers, Kirsten Boehner, Shay David, and Joseph ’Jofish’ Kaye. 2005. Reflective Design. In Proceedings of the 4th Decennial Conference on Critical Computing: Between Sense and Sensibility (Aarhus, Denmark) (CC ’05). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1094562.1094569Google Scholar
  80. MobileSoft s.r.o.2020. AppBlock – Stay Focused (Block Websites and Apps). https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cz.mobilesoft.appblock&hl=en. Accessed: 2020-3-11.Google Scholar
  81. Timothy J Trull and Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer. 2009. Using experience sampling methods/ecological momentary assessment (ESM/EMA) in clinical assessment and clinical research: introduction to the special section.Psychological assessment 21, 4 (2009), 5 pages.Google Scholar
  82. Liam D. Turner, Stuart M. Allen, and Roger M. Whitaker. 2015. Interruptibility Prediction for Ubiquitous Systems: Conventions and New Directions from a Growing Field. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Osaka, Japan) (UbiComp ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2807514Google Scholar
  83. Elisabeth T. Kersten van Dijk, Joyce H.D.M. Westerink, Femke Beute, and Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn. 2017. Personal Informatics, Self-Insight, and Behavior Change: A Critical Review of Current Literature. Human–Computer Interaction 32, 5-6 (2017), 268–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2016.1276456Google Scholar
  84. Alexandra Voit, Dominik Weber, and Niels Henze. 2018. Qualitative Investigation of Multi-Device Notifications. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers (Singapore, Singapore) (UbiComp ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.1145/3267305.3274117Google ScholarDigital Library
  85. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, Jonas Auda, Stefan Schneegass, and Niels Henze. 2018. Snooze! Investigating the User-Defined Deferral of Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Barcelona, Spain) (MobileHCI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 2, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3229434.3229436Google ScholarDigital Library
  86. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, and Niels Henze. 2018. Notification Log: An Open-Source Framework for Notification Research on Mobile Devices. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers (Singapore, Singapore) (UbiComp ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1271–1278. https://doi.org/10.1145/3267305.3274118Google ScholarDigital Library
  87. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, and Niels Henze. 2019. Clear All: A Large-Scale Observational Study on Mobile Notification Drawers. In Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2019 (Hamburg, Germany) (MuC’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3340765Google ScholarDigital Library
  88. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, Huy Viet Le, and Niels Henze. 2016. Notification Dashboard: Enabling Reflection on Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct (Florence, Italy) (MobileHCI ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 936–941. https://doi.org/10.1145/2957265.2962660Google ScholarDigital Library
  89. Joan C Williams, Jennifer L Berdahl, and Joseph A Vandello. 2016. Beyond work-life “integration”. Annual review of psychology 67 (2016), 515–539.Google Scholar
  90. Nan Yang, Gerbrand van Hout, Loe Feijs, Wei Chen, and Jun Hu. 2020. Enhancing intrinsic motivation in physical activity through quantified-self data sharing. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 6, 21(2020), e4.Google ScholarCross Ref

  1. Naseem Ahmadpour and Karen Anne Cochrane. 2017. From information to reflection-design strategies for personal informatics. In 2017 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC). IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2017.8268154Google ScholarCross Ref
  2. Hamdan A Alamri, Sunnie Watson, and William Watson. 2021. Learning Technology Models that Support Personalization within Blended Learning Environments in Higher Education. TechTrends 65, 1 (2021), 62–78.Google ScholarCross Ref
  3. Alyssa E Andrews, Raj M Ratwani, and J Gregory Trafton. 2009. The effect of alert type to an interruption on primary task resumption. In Proceedings of the HFES Annual Meeting 2009. HFES, Washington, DC0, USA, 1–5.Google Scholar
  4. Julie Aranda, Noor Ali-Hasan, and Safia Baig. 2016. I’m Just Trying to Survive: An Ethnographic Look at Mobile Notifications and Attention Management. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct(Florence, Italy) (MobileHCI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 564–574. https://doi.org/10.1145/2957265.2957274Google ScholarDigital Library
  5. Sara Assami, Najima Daoudi, and Rachida Ajhoun. 2018. Personalization criteria for enhancing learner engagement in MOOC platforms. In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 1265–1272. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363375Google ScholarCross Ref
  6. Jonas Auda, Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, and Stefan Schneegass. 2018. Understanding User Preferences towards Rule-Based Notification Deferral. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI EA ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article LBW584, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188688Google ScholarDigital Library
  7. Amid Ayobi, Paul Marshall, and Anna L. Cox. 2016. Reflections on 5 Years of Personal Informatics: Rising Concerns and Emerging Directions. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI EA ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2774–2781. https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892406Google ScholarDigital Library
  8. Nikola Banovic, Fanny Chevalier, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2012. Triggering Triggers and Burying Barriers to Customizing Software. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Austin, Texas, USA) (CHI ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2717–2726. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208666Google ScholarDigital Library
  9. Eric P.S. Baumer. 2015. Reflective Informatics: Conceptual Dimensions for Designing Technologies of Reflection. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702234Google ScholarDigital Library
  10. Eric P.S. Baumer, Vera Khovanskaya, Mark Matthews, Lindsay Reynolds, Victoria Schwanda Sosik, and Geri Gay. 2014. Reviewing Reflection: On the Use of Reflection in Interactive System Design. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (DIS ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598598Google ScholarDigital Library
  11. Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77–101.Google Scholar
  12. Andrea Bunt, Cristina Conati, and Joanna McGrenere. 2007. Supporting Interface Customization Using a Mixed-Initiative Approach. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Honolulu, Hawaii, USA) (IUI ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1145/1216295.1216317Google ScholarDigital Library
  13. Andrea Bunt, Cristina Conati, and Joanna McGrenere. 2010. Mixed-initiative interface personalization as a case study in usable AI. AI Magazine 30, 4 (2010), 58.Google ScholarCross Ref
  14. Andrea Bunt, Joanna McGrenere, and Cristina Conati. 2007. Understanding the Utility of Rationale in a Mixed-Initiative System for GUI Customization. In User Modeling 2007, Cristina Conati, Kathleen McCoy, and Georgios Paliouras (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 147–156.Google Scholar
  15. Luigi De Russis and Alberto Monge Roffarello. 2017. On the Benefit of Adding User Preferences to Notification Delivery. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI EA ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1561–1568. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053160Google ScholarDigital Library
  16. Fiona Draxler, Christina Schneegass, Jonas Safranek, and Heinrich Hussmann. 2021. Why Did You Stop? – Investigating Origins and Effects of Interruptions during Mobile Language Learning. In Mensch Und Computer 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1145/3473856.3473881Google ScholarDigital Library
  17. Laura L Ellingson. 2009. Engaging crystallization in qualitative research: An introduction. Sage, Newbury Park, CA, USA.Google Scholar
  18. Chris Elsden and David S. Kirk. 2014. A Quantified Past: Remembering with Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 2014 Companion Publication on Designing Interactive Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598784.2602778Google ScholarDigital Library
  19. Daniel Epstein, Felicia Cordeiro, Elizabeth Bales, James Fogarty, and Sean Munson. 2014. Taming Data Complexity in Lifelogs: Exploring Visual Cuts of Personal Informatics Data. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (DIS ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 667–676. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598558Google ScholarDigital Library
  20. Daniel A. Epstein, Clara Caldeira, Mayara Costa Figueiredo, Xi Lu, Lucas M. Silva, Lucretia Williams, Jong Ho Lee, Qingyang Li, Simran Ahuja, Qiuer Chen, Payam Dowlatyari, Craig Hilby, Sazeda Sultana, Elizabeth V. Eikey, and Yunan Chen. 2020. Mapping and Taking Stock of the Personal Informatics Literature. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 4, 4, Article 126 (dec 2020), 38 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3432231Google ScholarDigital Library
  21. Daniel A. Epstein, Monica Caraway, Chuck Johnston, An Ping, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. 2016. Beyond Abandonment to Next Steps: Understanding and Designing for Life after Personal Informatics Tool Use. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1109–1113. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858045Google ScholarDigital Library
  22. Daniel A. Epstein, Bradley H. Jacobson, Elizabeth Bales, David W. McDonald, and Sean A. Munson. 2015. From ”Nobody Cares” to ”Way to Go!”: A Design Framework for Social Sharing in Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1622–1636. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675135Google ScholarDigital Library
  23. Daniel A. Epstein, An Ping, James Fogarty, and Sean A. Munson. 2015. A Lived Informatics Model of Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Osaka, Japan) (UbiComp ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804250Google ScholarDigital Library
  24. Joel E. Fischer, Chris Greenhalgh, and Steve Benford. 2011. Investigating Episodes of Mobile Phone Activity as Indicators of Opportune Moments to Deliver Notifications. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Stockholm, Sweden) (MobileHCI ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1145/2037373.2037402Google ScholarDigital Library
  25. Rowanne Fleck and Geraldine Fitzpatrick. 2010. Reflecting on Reflection: Framing a Design Landscape. In Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction (Brisbane, Australia) (OZCHI ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 216–223. https://doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952269Google ScholarDigital Library
  26. fruitranger. 2017. Notification Manager – Cleaner. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cortana.notificationmanager.notificationclean&hl=en. Accessed: 2020-3-11.Google Scholar
  27. Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Mary Czerwinski, Desney S. Tan, and Daniel S. Weld. 2006. Exploring the Design Space for Adaptive Graphical User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (Venezia, Italy) (AVI ’06). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1145/1133265.1133306Google ScholarDigital Library
  28. Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Katherine Everitt, Desney S. Tan, Mary Czerwinski, and Daniel S. Weld. 2008. Predictability and Accuracy in Adaptive User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy) (CHI ’08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1271–1274. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357252Google ScholarDigital Library
  29. Larry Goldberg, Bettijoyce Lide, Svetlana Lowry, Holly A Massett, Trisha O’Connell, Jennifer Preece, Whitney Quesenbery, and Ben Shneiderman. 2011. Usability and accessibility in consumer health informatics: current trends and future challenges. American journal of preventive medicine 40, 5 (2011), S187–S197.Google ScholarCross Ref
  30. Google. 2021. Google Play Store. https://play.google.com/store/apps. Accessed: 2021-09-1.Google Scholar
  31. Tom Gross and Anna-Lena Mueller. 2021. NotificationManager: Personal Boundary Management on Mobile Devices. In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021, Carmelo Ardito, Rosa Lanzilotti, Alessio Malizia, Helen Petrie, Antonio Piccinno, Giuseppe Desolda, and Kori Inkpen (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 243–261.Google ScholarDigital Library
  32. Hayley Guillou, Kevin Chow, Thomas Fritz, and Joanna McGrenere. 2020. Is Your Time Well Spent? Reflecting on Knowledge Work More Holistically. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376586Google ScholarDigital Library
  33. Rebecca Gulotta, Jodi Forlizzi, Rayoung Yang, and Mark Wah Newman. 2016. Fostering Engagement with Personal Informatics Systems. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Brisbane, QLD, Australia) (DIS ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901803Google ScholarDigital Library
  34. Brian Heater and Sarah Perez. 2021. Apple refines iOS 15 notifications with Focus, Summary features. https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/07/apple-refines-ios-15-notifications-with-focus-summary-features/. Accessed: 2021-09-01.Google Scholar
  35. Jerry Hildenbrad. 2017. Android Oreo will make you love notifications again. https://www.androidcentral.com/android-o-and-notifications-everything-you-need-know. Accessed: 2017-11-10.Google Scholar
  36. Helen M. Hodgetts and Dylan M. Jones. 2007. Reminders, Alerts and Pop-ups: The Cost of Computer-Initiated Interruptions. In Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Design and Usability, Julie A. Jacko (Ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 818–826.Google Scholar
  37. Eric Horvitz, Johnson Apacible, and Muru Subramani. 2005. Balancing awareness and interruption: Investigation of notification deferral policies. User Modeling 2005 1, 1 (2005), 149–149.Google Scholar
  38. Roberto Hoyle, Srijita Das, Apu Kapadia, Adam J. Lee, and Kami Vaniea. 2017. Was My Message Read? Privacy and Signaling on Facebook Messenger. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3838–3842. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025925Google ScholarDigital Library
  39. Elle Hunt. 2020. One ping after another: why everyone needs a notification detox. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/push-notifications-versus-phone-calls/398081/. Accessed: 2021-09-01.Google Scholar
  40. Shamsi T. Iqbal and Eric Horvitz. 2010. Notifications and Awareness: A Field Study of Alert Usage and Preferences. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Savannah, Georgia, USA) (CSCW ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718926Google Scholar
  41. Izabelle Janzen, Francesco Vitale, and Joanna McGrenere. 2018. Control and Personalization:Younger versus Older Users’ Experience of Notifications. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2018 (Toronto, Ontario) (GI 2018). Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society / Société canadienne du dialogue humain-machine, Toronto, ON, Canada, 129 – 136. https://doi.org/10.20380/GI2018.17Google Scholar
  42. Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, Nicci Gafinowitz, and Grace Shin. 2018. Activity trackers, prior motivation, and perceived informational and motivational affordances. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 22, 2 (2018), 433–448.Google ScholarDigital Library
  43. Simon L. Jones and Ryan Kelly. 2018. Dealing With Information Overload in Multifaceted Personal Informatics Systems. Human–Computer Interaction 33, 1 (2018), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2017.1302334Google Scholar
  44. Ravi Karkar, Jessica Schroeder, Daniel A. Epstein, Laura R. Pina, Jeffrey Scofield, James Fogarty, Julie A. Kientz, Sean A. Munson, Roger Vilardaga, and Jasmine Zia. 2017. TummyTrials: A Feasibility Study of Using Self-Experimentation to Detect Individualized Food Triggers. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6850–6863. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025480Google ScholarDigital Library
  45. Matthew Kay, Eun Kyoung Choe, Jesse Shepherd, Benjamin Greenstein, Nathaniel Watson, Sunny Consolvo, and Julie A. Kientz. 2012. Lullaby: A Capture & Access System for Understanding the Sleep Environment. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (UbiComp ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1145/2370216.2370253Google ScholarDigital Library
  46. Vera Khovanskaya, Eric P.S. Baumer, Dan Cosley, Stephen Voida, and Geri Gay. 2013. ”Everybody Knows What You’re Doing”: A Critical Design Approach to Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Paris, France) (CHI ’13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3403–3412. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466467Google Scholar
  47. Kostadin Kushlev and Elizabeth W Dunn. 2015. Checking email less frequently reduces stress. Computers in Human Behavior 43 (2015), 220–228.Google ScholarDigital Library
  48. Pat Langley. 1997. Machine learning for adaptive user interfaces. In KI-97: Advances in artificial intelligence. Springer, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 53–62.Google ScholarDigital Library
  49. Jisoo Lee, Erin Walker, Winslow Burleson, Matthew Kay, Matthew Buman, and Eric B. Hekler. 2017. Self-Experimentation for Behavior Change: Design and Formative Evaluation of Two Approaches. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6837–6849. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3026038Google ScholarDigital Library
  50. Kwangyoung Lee and Hwajung Hong. 2018. MindNavigator: Exploring the Stress and Self-Interventions for Mental Wellness. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174146Google ScholarDigital Library
  51. Ian Li, Anind K. Dey, and Jodi Forlizzi. 2011. Understanding My Data, Myself: Supporting Self-Reflection with Ubicomp Technologies. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Beijing, China) (UbiComp ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1145/2030112.2030166Google ScholarDigital Library
  52. Deborah Lupton. 2014. Self-Tracking Cultures: Towards a Sociology of Personal Informatics. In Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: The Future of Design (Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) (OzCHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1145/2686612.2686623Google ScholarDigital Library
  53. Abhinav Mehrotra, Robert Hendley, and Mirco Musolesi. 2016. PrefMiner: Mining User’s Preferences for Intelligent Mobile Notification Management. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Heidelberg, Germany) (UbiComp ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1223–1234. https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971747Google ScholarDigital Library
  54. Abhinav Mehrotra, Veljko Pejovic, Jo Vermeulen, Robert Hendley, and Mirco Musolesi. 2016. My Phone and Me: Understanding People’s Receptivity to Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858566Google Scholar
  55. Robinson Meyer. 2015. Push Notifications Are as Distracting as Phone Calls. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jan/27/one-ping-after-another-how-constant-notifications-are-driving-us-to-distraction. Accessed: 2021-09-01.Google Scholar
  56. Jack Mezirow. 1998. On critical reflection. Adult education quarterly 48, 3 (1998), 185–198.Google Scholar
  57. Sean A Munson. 2017. Rethinking assumptions in the design of health and wellness tracking tools. Interactions 25, 1 (2017), 62–65.Google ScholarDigital Library
  58. Tamara Munzner. 2009. A nested model for visualization design and validation. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 15, 6(2009), 921–928.Google ScholarDigital Library
  59. Elizabeth L. Murnane, Tara G. Walker, Beck Tench, Stephen Voida, and Jaime Snyder. 2018. Personal Informatics in Interpersonal Contexts: Towards the Design of Technology That Supports the Social Ecologies of Long-Term Mental Health Management. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 127 (nov 2018), 27 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274396Google ScholarDigital Library
  60. Midas Nouwens, Carla F. Griggio, and Wendy E. Mackay. 2017. ”WhatsApp is for Family; Messenger is for Friends”: Communication Places in App Ecosystems. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 727–735. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025484Google ScholarDigital Library
  61. Anna Offenwanger, Alan John Milligan, Minsuk Chang, Julia Bullard, and Dongwook Yoon. 2021. Diagnosing Bias in the Gender Representation of HCI Research Participants: How It Happens and Where We Are. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 399, 18 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445383Google ScholarDigital Library
  62. Fredrik Ohlin and Carl Magnus Olsson. 2015. Intelligent Computing in Personal Informatics: Key Design Considerations. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) (IUI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1145/2678025.2701378Google ScholarDigital Library
  63. Fredrik Ohlin, Carl Magnus Olsson, and Paul Davidsson. 2015. Analyzing the Design Space of Personal Informatics: A State-of-practice Based Classification of Existing Tools. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Today’s Technologies, Margherita Antona and Constantine Stephanidis (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 85–97.Google Scholar
  64. Tadashi Okoshi, Jin Nakazawa, and Hideyuki Tokuda. 2016. Interruptibility Research: Opportunities for Future Flourishment. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (Heidelberg, Germany) (UbiComp ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1524–1529. https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968543Google ScholarDigital Library
  65. Veljko Pejovic and Mirco Musolesi. 2014. InterruptMe: Designing Intelligent Prompting Mechanisms for Pervasive Applications. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Seattle, Washington) (UbiComp ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 897–908. https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2632062Google ScholarDigital Library
  66. Martin Pielot, Karen Church, and Rodrigo de Oliveira. 2014. An In-Situ Study of Mobile Phone Notifications. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices & Services (Toronto, ON, Canada) (MobileHCI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1145/2628363.2628364Google ScholarDigital Library
  67. Martin Pielot, Rodrigo de Oliveira, Haewoon Kwak, and Nuria Oliver. 2014. Didn’t You See My Message? Predicting Attentiveness to Mobile Instant Messages. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3319–3328. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2556973Google ScholarDigital Library
  68. Afarin Pirzadeh, Li He, and Erik Stolterman. 2013. Personal Informatics and Reflection: A Critical Examination of the Nature of Reflection. In CHI ’13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1979–1988. https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468715Google Scholar
  69. Romina Poguntke, Christina Schneegass, Lucas Van der Vekens, Rufat Rzayev, Jonas Auda, Stefan Schneegass, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2020. NotiModes: An Investigation of Notification Delay Modes and Their Effects on Smartphone Users. In Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch Und Computer (Magdeburg, Germany) (MuC ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 415–419. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410006Google ScholarDigital Library
  70. James O Prochaska and Wayne F Velicer. 1997. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American journal of health promotion 12, 1 (1997), 38–48.Google Scholar
  71. Aare Puussaar, Adrian K. Clear, and Peter Wright. 2017. Enhancing Personal Informatics Through Social Sensemaking. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6936–6942. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025804Google ScholarDigital Library
  72. Amon Rapp and Federica Cena. 2014. Self-monitoring and Technology: Challenges and Open Issues in Personal Informatics. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and Accessibility Practice, Constantine Stephanidis and Margherita Antona (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 613–622.Google Scholar
  73. Amon Rapp and Federica Cena. 2016. Personal informatics for everyday life: How users without prior self-tracking experience engage with personal data. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 94 (2016), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.006Google ScholarDigital Library
  74. Amon Rapp, Alessandro Marcengo, Luca Buriano, Giancarlo Ruffo, Mirko Lai, and Federica Cena. 2018. Designing a personal informatics system for users without experience in self-tracking: a case study. Behaviour & Information Technology 37, 4 (2018), 335–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1436592Google ScholarCross Ref
  75. Amon Rapp and Maurizio Tirassa. 2017. Know Thyself: A Theory of the Self for Personal Informatics. Human–Computer Interaction 32, 5-6 (2017), 335–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2017.1285704Google Scholar
  76. Raj M. Ratwani, Alyssa E. Andrews, Jenny D. Sousk, and J. Gregory Trafton. 2008. The Effect of Interruption Modality on Primary Task Resumption, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 52, 4, 393–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805200441Google ScholarCross Ref
  77. RescueTime. 2021. RescueTime. https://www.rescuetime.com/. Accessed: 2021-09-1.Google Scholar
  78. Alireza Sahami Shirazi, Niels Henze, Tilman Dingler, Martin Pielot, Dominik Weber, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2014. Large-Scale Assessment of Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3055–3064. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557189Google ScholarDigital Library
  79. Phoebe Sengers, Kirsten Boehner, Shay David, and Joseph ’Jofish’ Kaye. 2005. Reflective Design. In Proceedings of the 4th Decennial Conference on Critical Computing: Between Sense and Sensibility (Aarhus, Denmark) (CC ’05). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1094562.1094569Google Scholar
  80. MobileSoft s.r.o.2020. AppBlock – Stay Focused (Block Websites and Apps). https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cz.mobilesoft.appblock&hl=en. Accessed: 2020-3-11.Google Scholar
  81. Timothy J Trull and Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer. 2009. Using experience sampling methods/ecological momentary assessment (ESM/EMA) in clinical assessment and clinical research: introduction to the special section.Psychological assessment 21, 4 (2009), 5 pages.Google Scholar
  82. Liam D. Turner, Stuart M. Allen, and Roger M. Whitaker. 2015. Interruptibility Prediction for Ubiquitous Systems: Conventions and New Directions from a Growing Field. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Osaka, Japan) (UbiComp ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2807514Google Scholar
  83. Elisabeth T. Kersten van Dijk, Joyce H.D.M. Westerink, Femke Beute, and Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn. 2017. Personal Informatics, Self-Insight, and Behavior Change: A Critical Review of Current Literature. Human–Computer Interaction 32, 5-6 (2017), 268–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2016.1276456Google Scholar
  84. Alexandra Voit, Dominik Weber, and Niels Henze. 2018. Qualitative Investigation of Multi-Device Notifications. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers (Singapore, Singapore) (UbiComp ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.1145/3267305.3274117Google ScholarDigital Library
  85. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, Jonas Auda, Stefan Schneegass, and Niels Henze. 2018. Snooze! Investigating the User-Defined Deferral of Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Barcelona, Spain) (MobileHCI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 2, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3229434.3229436Google ScholarDigital Library
  86. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, and Niels Henze. 2018. Notification Log: An Open-Source Framework for Notification Research on Mobile Devices. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers (Singapore, Singapore) (UbiComp ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1271–1278. https://doi.org/10.1145/3267305.3274118Google ScholarDigital Library
  87. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, and Niels Henze. 2019. Clear All: A Large-Scale Observational Study on Mobile Notification Drawers. In Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2019 (Hamburg, Germany) (MuC’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3340765Google ScholarDigital Library
  88. Dominik Weber, Alexandra Voit, Huy Viet Le, and Niels Henze. 2016. Notification Dashboard: Enabling Reflection on Mobile Notifications. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct (Florence, Italy) (MobileHCI ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 936–941. https://doi.org/10.1145/2957265.2962660Google ScholarDigital Library
  89. Joan C Williams, Jennifer L Berdahl, and Joseph A Vandello. 2016. Beyond work-life “integration”. Annual review of psychology 67 (2016), 515–539.Google Scholar
  90. Nan Yang, Gerbrand van Hout, Loe Feijs, Wei Chen, and Jun Hu. 2020. Enhancing intrinsic motivation in physical activity through quantified-self data sharing. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 6, 21(2020), e4.Google ScholarCross Ref