Toward Future-Centric Personal Informatics: Expecting Stressful Events and Preparing Personalized Interventions in Stress Management

by | Apr 21, 2020 | Research Publications

Author(s):

  • Kwangyoung Lee
  • Hyewon Cho
  • Kobiljon Toshnazarov
  • Nematjon Narziev
  • So Young Rhim
  • Kyungsik Han
  • YoungTae Noh
  • Hwajung Hong

Abstract:

Stress is caused by a variety of events in our daily lives. By anticipating stressful situations, we can prepare and better cope with stressors when they actually occur. However, many past-centric personal informatics (PI) tools focus on capturing events that already happened and analyzing the data. In this work, we examine how anticipation — a future-centric self-tracking practice — could be used to manage daily stress levels. To address this, we built MindForecaster, a calendar-mediated stress anticipation application that allows users to expect stressful events in advance, generates activities to mitigate stress, and evaluates actual stress levels compared to previously estimated stress levels. In a 30-day deployment with 47 users, the users who explicitly planned and executed coping interventions reported reduced stress more than those who only expected stressful events. We suggest design implications for stress management by incorporating the properties of anticipation into current PI models.

Documentation:

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376475

References:
  1. Craig A. Anderson. 1983. Behavioral Scripts on Personal Intentions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45, 2 (1983), 293–305. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022–3514.45.2.293
  2. Richard A Armstrong. 2014. When to use the B onferroni correction. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 34, 5 (2014), 502–508.
  3. Amid Ayobi, Tobias Sonne, Paul Marshall, and Anna L Cox. 2018. Flexible and Mindful Self-Tracking: Design Implications from Paper Bullet Journals. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 28.
  4. Jorn Bakker, Leszek Holenderski, Rafal Kocielnik, Mykola Pechenizkiy, and Natalia Sidorova. 2012. Stess@Work. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGHIT symposium on International health informatics – IHI ’12. 673. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2110363.2110439
  5. Elizabeth Bales and William Griswold. 2011. Interpersonal informatics: making social influence visible. In CHI’11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2227–2232.
  6. Jakob E Bardram, Darius A Rohani, Nanna Tuxen, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, and Lars V Kessing. 2017. Supporting smartphone-based behavioral activation: a simulation study. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers. ACM, 830–843.
  7. Charles S Carver, Michael F Scheier, and Jagdish K Weintraub. 1989. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. Journal of personality and social psychology 56, 2 (1989), 267.
  8. Eun Kyoung Choe, Nicole B Lee, Bongshin Lee, Wanda Pratt, and Julie A Kientz. 2014. Understanding quantified-selfers’ practices in collecting and exploring personal data. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems. ACM, 1143–1152.
  9. Sheldon Cohen, Tom Kamarck, and Robin Mermelstein. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior (1983), 385–396.
  10. Sheldon Cohen, T Kamarck, R Mermelstein, and others. 1994. Perceived stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists (1994), 235–283.
  11. Nediyana Daskalova, Danaë Metaxa-Kakavouli, Adrienne Tran, Nicole Nugent, Julie Boergers, John McGeary, and Jeff Huang. 2016. SleepCoacher: A personalized automated self-experimentation system for sleep recommendations. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 347–358.
  12. Amanda Edwards-Stewart. 2012. Using technology to enhance empirically supported psychological treatments: Positive activity jackpot. Journal of the Academy of Medical Psychology 3, 2 (2012), 60–66.
  13. Daniel A Epstein, An Ping, James Fogarty, and Sean A Munson. 2015. A lived informatics model of personal informatics. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. ACM, 731–742.
  14. Raihana Ferdous, Venet Osmani, and Oscar Mayora. 2018. Smartphone apps usage patterns as a predictor of perceived stress levels at workplace. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2015.260192
  15. Clayton Feustel, Shyamak Aggarwal, Bongshin Lee, and Lauren Wilcox. 2018. People Like Me: Designing for Reflection on Aggregate Cohort Data in Personal Informatics Systems. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2, 3 (2018), 107.
  16. Susan Folkman and Richard S Lazarus. 1980. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of health and social behavior (1980), 219–239.
  17. Jim Gemmell, Gordon Bell, and Roger Lueder. 2006. MyLifeBits: a personal database for everything. Commun. ACM 49, 1 (2006), 88–95.
  18. Arnold P Goldstein and Frederick H Kanfer. 1979. Maximizing treatment gains: Transfer enhancement in psychotherapy. Academic Press.
  19. Peter F. Greve. 2015. The role of prediction in mental processing: A process approach. New Ideas in Psychology 39 (2015), 45–52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2015.07.007
  20. Victoria Hollis, Artie Konrad, Aaron Springer, Matthew Antoun, Christopher Antoun, Rob Martin, and Steve Whittaker. 2017. What Does All This Data Mean for My Future Mood? Actionable Analytics and Targeted Reflection for Emotional Well-Being. Human-Computer Interaction 32, 5–6 (2017), 208–267. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2016.1277724
  21. Luis G Jaimes, Martin Llofriu, and Andrew Raij. 2015. Calma, an algorithm framework for mobile just in time interventions. In SoutheastCon 2015. IEEE, 1–5.
  22. Ravi Karkar, Jessica Schroeder, Daniel A Epstein, Laura R Pina, Jeffrey Scofield, James Fogarty, Julie A Kientz, Sean A Munson, Roger Vilardaga, and Jasmine Zia. 2017. Tummytrials: a feasibility study of using self-experimentation to detect individualized food triggers. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 6850–6863.
  23. Ravi Karkar, Jasmine Zia, Roger Vilardaga, Sonali R Mishra, James Fogarty, Sean A Munson, and Julie A Kientz. 2015. A framework for self-experimentation in personalized health. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, 3 (2015), 440–448.
  24. Christina Kelley, Bongshin Lee, and Lauren Wilcox. 2017. Self-tracking for mental wellness: understanding expert perspectives and student experiences. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 629–641.
  25. Artie Konrad, Victoria Bellotti, Nicole Crenshaw, Simon Tucker, Les Nelson, Honglu Du, Peter Pirolli, and Steve Whittaker. 2015. Finding the Adaptive Sweet Spot: Balancing Compliance and Achievement in Automated Stress Reduction. In CHI ’15 Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 3829–3838. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702512
  26. Richard S Lazarus and Susan Folkman. 1984. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  27. Jisoo Lee, Matthew Kay, Matthew Buman, Winslow Burleson, Eric B Hekler, Erin Walker, Winslow Burleson, Matthew Kay, Matthew Buman, and Eric B Hekler. 2017. Self-Experimentation for Behavior Change : Design and Formative Evaluation of Two Approaches. In CHI ’17 Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 6837–6849. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3026038
  28. Kwangyoung Lee and Hwajung Hong. 2017. Designing for Self-Tracking of Emotion and Experience with Tangible Modality. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems – DIS ’17. 465–475. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3064663.3064697
  29. Kwangyoung Lee and Hwajung Hong. 2018. MindNavigator: Exploring the Stress and Self-Interventions for Mental Wellness. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 572.
  30. Ian Li, Anind Dey, and Jodi Forlizzi. 2010. A stage-based model of personal informatics systems. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM, 557–566.
  31. Yuliya Lutchyn, Paul Johns, Asta Roseway, and Mary Czerwinski. 2015. MoodTracker: Monitoring collective emotions in the workplace. In Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), 2015 International Conference on. IEEE, 295–301.
  32. Diana MacLean, Asta Roseway, and Mary Czerwinski. 2013. MoodWings: a wearable biofeedback device for real-time stress intervention. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. ACM, 66.
  33. Douglas J MacPhillamy and Peter M Lewinsohn. 1982. The pleasant events schedule: Studies on reliability, validity, and scale intercorrelation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 50, 3 (1982), 363.
  34. Gloria Mark, Yiran Wang, and Melissa Niiya. 2014. Stress and multitasking in everyday college life. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems – CHI ’14. 41–50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557361
  35. Mark Matthews, Elizabeth Murnane, and Jaime Snyder. 2017. Quantifying the Changeable Self: The role of self-tracking in coming to terms with and managing bipolar disorder. Human–Computer Interaction 32, 5–6 (2017), 413–446.
  36. Ranjita Misra and Michelle McKean. 2000. College Students’ Academic Stress and its Relation to theier Anxiety, Time Management, and Leisure Satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studies 16, 1 (2000), 41–51.
  37. Inbal Nahum-Shani, Shawna N Smith, Bonnie J Spring, Linda M Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Ambuj Tewari, and Susan A Murphy. 2017. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health: key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 52, 6 (2017), 446–462.
  38. Gabriele Oettingen and Doris Mayer. 2002. The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83, 5 (2002), 1198–1212. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022–3514.83.5.1198
  39. Crystal L Park and Susan Folkman. 1997. Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of general psychology 1, 2 (1997), 115.
  40. James O Prochaska and Wayne F Velicer. 1997. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American journal of health promotion 12, 1 (1997), 38–48.
  41. Aare Puussaar, Adrian K Clear, and Peter Wright. 2017. Enhancing Personal Informatics Through Social Sensemaking. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 6936–6942.
  42. Amon Rapp. 2018. Gamification for Self-Tracking: From World of Warcraft to the Design of Personal Informatics Systems. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 80.
  43. Karen Reivich and Andrew Shatté. 2002. The resilience factor: 7 essential skills for overcoming life’s inevitable obstacles. Broadway Books.
  44. Saeyoung Rho, Injung Lee, Hankyung Kim, Jonghyuk Jung, Hyungi Kim, Bong Gwan Jun, and Youn-kyung Lim. 2017. FutureSelf: What Happens When We Forecast Self-Trackers’ Future Health Statuses?. In DIS’17: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. 637–648. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3064663.3064676
  45. Shannon Rodgers, Brittany Maloney, Bernd Ploderer, and Margot Brereton. 2016. Managing stress, sleep and technologies: an exploratory study of Australian university students. In Proceedings of the 28th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. ACM, 526–530.
  46. John Rooksby, Mattias Rost, Alistair Morrison, and Matthew Chalmers Chalmers. 2014. Personal tracking as lived informatics. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems. ACM, 1163–1172.
  47. Urte Scholz, Benjamin Schüz, Jochen P Ziegelmann, Sonia Lippke, and Ralf Schwarzer. 2008. Beyond behavioural intentions: Planning mediates between intentions and physical activity. British journal of health psychology 13, 3 (2008), 479–494.
  48. Jessica Schroeder, Chia-Fang Chung, Daniel A Epstein, Ravi Karkar, Adele Parsons, Natalia Murinova, James Fogarty, and Sean A Munson. 2018. Examining Self-Tracking by People with Migraine: Goals, Needs, and Opportunities in a Chronic Health Condition. In Proceedings of the 2018 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2018. ACM, 135–148.
  49. Karl Ralf Schwarzer. 2016. Coping planning as an intervention component: A commentary. Psychology and Health 31, 7 (2016), 903.
  50. Martin EP Seligman, Peter Schulman, Robert J DeRubeis, and Steven D Hollon. 1999. The prevention of depression and anxiety. Prevention & Treatment 2, 1 (1999), 8a.
  51. Falko F Sniehotta, Ralf Schwarzer, Urte Scholz, and Benjamin Schüz. 2005. Action planning and coping planning for long-term lifestyle change: theory and assessment. European Journal of Social Psychology 35, 4 (2005), 565–576.
  52. Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. 1994. Grounded theory methodology. (1994). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
  53. Stephen Voida, Mark Matthews, Saeed Abdullah, Mengxi Chrissie Xi, Matthew Green, Won Jun Jang, Donald Hu, John Weinrich, Prashama Patil, Mashfiqui Rabbi, and others. 2013. Moodrhythm: tracking and supporting daily rhythms. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication. ACM, 67–70.
  54. Rui Wang, Weichen Wang, Alex DaSilva, Jeremy F. Huckins, William M. Kelley, Todd F. Heatherton, and Andrew T. Campbell. 2018. Tracking Depression Dynamics in College Students Using Mobile Phone and Wearable Sensing. In Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 2. 1–26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3191775